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Urinalysis BOC > BOC > Flashcards

BOC Flashcards

1
Q

A 21 year old patient has glucose in their urine and a low fasting blood glucose. These findings are most consistent with:
a. diabetes mellitus
b. renal glycosuria
c. diabetes insipidus
d. nephrotic syndrome

A

b

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2
Q

The urinalysis results shown in this table are reported for a 25 yo female:
RBC casts 0-1/LPF
RBC 30-40/HPF

a. cystitis
b. renal calculus
c. pyelonephritis
d. glomerulonephritis

A

d

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3
Q

A urinalysis performed for a 57 yo male patient yields the results shown in this table:
uric acid crystals - moderate

Increased metabolism of:
a. lipids
b. purines
c. proteins
d. carbohydrates

A

b

uric acid crystals = increase purine metabolism = seen in gout

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4
Q

A 62 yo patient with hyperlipoproteinemia has a large amount of protein in his urine. Microscopic analysis shows the presence of numerous casts including fatty, waxy, granular, and cellular casts. Many oval fat bodies were also noted. These results are most consistent with:

a. a viral infection
b. nephrotic syndrome
c. acute pyelonephritis
d. acute glomerulonephritis

A

b

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5
Q

A specimen with a negative nitrite reaction and a positive leukocyte esterase reaction that has WBCs, WBC casts, but no bacteria in the sediment may be seen in cases of:

a. cystitis
b. pyelonephritis
c. renal tubular acidosis
d. acute interstitial nephritis

A

d

(-) bacteria = no active infection

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6
Q

A patient with lupus erythematosus has the urinalysis results shown in this table:
casts: 2-4 hyaline/LPF, 3-5 RBC/LPF

a. acute tubular necrosis
b. recurrent pyelonephritis
c. acute interstitial nephritis
d. acute glomerulonephritis

A

d

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7
Q

Sediment from a random urine sample collected from a 67 year old patient is shown in the photomicrograph: (granular cast)

a. renal glucosuria
b. acute tubular necrosis
c. recurrent pyelonephritis
d. chronic glomerulonephritis

A

d

granular cast = chronic

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8
Q

A random urine sample collected from a 41 yo patient is shown in the photomicrograph:
(RBCs and calcium oxalate)

a. gout
b. renal calculi
c. acute interstitial nephritis
d. maple syrup urine disease

A

b

kidney stones

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9
Q

A bright orange urine from a 24 yo patient with cystitis likely contains:

a. bilirubin
b. pyridium
c. rifampin
d. ammonia

A

b

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10
Q

Which of the following urinary parameters may be measured to assess renal tubular function?

a. creatinine
b. specific gravity
c. urea nitrogen
d. total volume

A

b

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11
Q

The results in this table are obtained on a urine specimen collected at 8 AM:
… If the sample is stored unrefrigerated and retested at 12 PM. which of the following test results would likely be decreased due to storage conditions?

a. protein
b. glucose
c. ketones
d. nitrite

A

b

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12
Q

The glucose test pad on a test strip may yield a false-positive result in the presence of:

a. bleach
b. lactose
c. galactose
d. ascorbic acid

A

a

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13
Q

The occult blood test pad on a test strip may yield a false-positive result in the presence of:

a. bleach
b. protein
c. hemoglobin
d. ascorbic acid

A

a

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14
Q

Which of the following can lead to a false-negative urine protein reading?

a. presence of albumin
b. presence of mucus
c. a concentrated urine
d. a dilute urine

A

d

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15
Q

After standing at room temperature, a urine pH will typically increase due to bacterial production of:

a. nitrite
b. urease
c. esterase
d. nitrate

A

b

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16
Q

The principle of the reagent test strip for urine protein depends on:

a. reduction of copper sulfate
b. the protein error of indicators
c. reaction with Ehrlich reagent
d. a double-sequential enzyme reaction

A

b

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17
Q

Patients that take high doses of vitamin C may have a false-negative result for which of the following urine reagent test strip analytes?

a. pH
b. ketones
c. bilirubin
d. specific gravity

A

d

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18
Q

Which of the following reagents is used to enhance the reaction of acetone with sodium nitroprusside in the tablet test for ketones?

a. lactose
b. galactose
c. ascorbic acid
d. glacial acetic acid

A

a

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19
Q

A reagent test strip pad impregnated with a stabilized diazonium salt, such as diazotized 2,4-dichloroanaline, will yield a positive reaction in an acid medium with:

a. bilirubin
b. ketones
c. hemoglobin
d. urobilinogen

A

a

20
Q

Which of the following substances may interfere with the reagent test strip pad for leukocyte esterase and yield a false-negative result when present in high concentrations?

a. lactose
b. ketones
c. protein
d. bilirubin

A

c

21
Q

When employing the urine reagent test strip method for protein, a false-positive result may occur in the presence of:

a. large amounts of glucose
b. x-ray contrast media
c. Bence Jones proteins
d. a highly alkaline urine

A

d

22
Q

Microscopic analysis of a urine specimen yields a moderate amount of red blood cells in spite of a negative for occult blood using a reagent strip. The presence of which of the following may explain this discrepancy?

a. bleach
b. vitamin C
c. salicylates
d. hemoglobin

A

b

23
Q

Development of a pink color on the absorbent mat surrounding an Ictotest tablet should be reported as:

a. invalid
b. positive
c. negative
d. nonreaction

A

c

24
Q

The absorbent may surrounding an Ictotest tablet develops a dark purple color. This reaction indicates the presence of which of the following?

a. protein
b. glucose
c. ketones
d. bilirubin

A

d

25
Q

A urine specimen analyzed for glucose by a glucose oxidase reagent test strip may yield a falsely low or negative value in the presence of:

a. bleach
b. galactose
c. ascorbic acid
d. hydrogen peroxide

A

c

26
Q

The surface of an Acetest tablet develops a dark purple color. This reaction indicates a large presence of which of the following in the patient’s urine sample?

a. protein
b. glucose
c. ketones
d. bilirubin

A

c

27
Q

A urinalysis performed on a sample from a 2 week old infant with diarrhea showed a negative reaction with the glucose oxidase reagent test strip. Historically, a copper reduction tablet test would have been performed to check the urine sample for the presence of:

a. glucose
b. galactose
c. bilirubin
d. ketones

A

b

28
Q

A patient seen at an urgent care facility for lower back pain and a fever has the urinalysis results shown in this table:

a. failure to mix the specimen before centrifuging
b. failure to test the sample within 1 hour of collection
c. presence of an oxidizing detergent in the specimen container
d. the presence of a non-nitrate-reducing organism

A

d

29
Q

Despite their presence in a sample, the leukocyte esterase reagent test strip pad would yield a negative result for which of the following types of white blood cells?

a. monocytes
b. eosinophils
c. lymphocytes
d. neutrophils

A

c

30
Q

Reagent test strip pads for ketones primarily measure:

a. acetone
b. cholesterol
c. acetoacetic acid
d. beta-hydroxybutyric acid

A

c

31
Q

Oval fat bodies are:

a. hyaline casts that contain lipids
b. squamous epithelial cells that contain lipids
c. transitional epithelial cells that contain lipids
d. renal tubular epithelial cells that contain lipids

A

d

32
Q

Glitter cells are a microscopic finding of:

a. red blood cells in hypertonic urine
b. red blood cells in hypotonic urine
c. white blood cells in hypertonic urine
d. white blood cells in hypotonic urine

A

d

33
Q

found no hyaline casts (2 hours later)

A

increase in urine pH

34
Q

Which of the following aids in differentiating a spherical transition cell from a round renal tubular cell?

a. round renal tubular cells are larger
b. spherical transitional cells are larger
c. renal tubular cell nuclei are eccentric
d. spherical transitional cell nuclei are eccentric

A

c

35
Q

Renal tubular epithelial cell casts are most indicative of:

a. pyelonephritis
b. tubular necrosis
c. glomerulonephritis
d. nephrotic syndrome

A

b

36
Q

Cystine shape

A

hexagonal

37
Q

The presence of red blood cell casts correlates best with which of the following conditions?

a. cystitis
b. pyelonephritis
c. glomerulonephritis
d. nephrotic syndrome

A

c

38
Q

The primary component of most renal calculi is:

a. uric acid
b. cholesterol
c. calcium oxalate
d. ammonium biurate

A

c

39
Q

Which crystal is found in acidic urine?

a. ammonium biurate
b. calcium phosphate
c. calcium oxalate
d. triple phosphate

A

c

40
Q

Tyrosine shape

A

colorless, fine, silky needles

41
Q

Which of the following crystals would most likely be present in an amber-colored urine yielding a positive bilirubin?

a. cystine
b. cysteine
c. tyrosine
d. uric acid

A

c

42
Q

Using polarized light microscopy, which of the following urinary elements is birefrinement?

a. cholesterol
b. triglycerides
c. fatty acids
d. neutral fats

A

a

43
Q

Cholesterol crystals will most likely be observed in urine with a:

a. pH of 8.0
b. protein of 4+
c. ketone of 40 mg/dL
d. glucose of 500 mg/dL

A

b

44
Q

The finding of a large amount of uric acid crystals in a urine specimen from a 6 month old baby may indicate:

a. viral hepatitis
b. ethylene glycol toxicity
c. increased purine metabolism
d. improper sample collection

A

c

45
Q

Which of the following urinary crystals appear as yellow-brown spheres with concentric circles when viewed microscopically?

a. leucine
b. bilirubin
c. triple phosphate
d. ammonium biurate

A

a

Urinalysis BOC (1 decks)

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