Boatcrew Flashcards
An “offshore life jacket” is what type of PFD?
Type 1
Which type of wearable PFD is required to be reversible?
Type 1
A child size Type 1 PFD provides how many pounds of buoyancy?
11
An adult size Type 1 PFD provides how many pounds of buoyancy?
20
What color are Type 1 PFDs?
International Orange
What PFD is designed to turn most unconscious wearers in the water to a vertical or slightly backward position?
Type 1
What disadvantage does type 1 PFD have, and is not recommended for boat crews?
Restricted mobility
What side should a person enter the water from a vessel?
Windward
A “near shore buoyant vest” is what type of PFD?
Type 2
This type of PFD will turn some unconscious wearers to a face-up position in the water?
Type 2
Type 2 PFDs depending on size, provides how much pounds of buoyancy?
7 to 15.5 lbs
What is the minimum pounds of buoyancy for a Type 3 PFD?
15.5 lbs
A “float coat” is what type of PFD?
Type 3
Will the Type 3 PFD provide adequate level of buoyancy when worn with full complement of law enforcement gear?
No
Buoyant cushions, ring buoys, and life rings are what type of PFD?
Type 4
Ring buoys must be either orange or _____ in color?
White
Anti-exposure coveralls, immersion suits, and CG authorized hybrid auto/manual inflatables are what type of PFD?
Type 5
How far is the yellow-green light PML visible on a clear night?
1 mile
How long does a PML last?
8 hours
Units shall use the distress signal light rather than a PML when normally operating in temperatures below what?
50 degrees
How thick is the neoprene on standard CG wetsuit?
3/16”
When are cutter swimmers required to wear the orange hood?
Below 50 degrees
Can the boat crew survival best be worn over an inflatable PFD?
No
Can you substitute the distress signal for a PML when using the survival vest?
No
How far can light from a signal mirror be seen?
Great distance
How far can an emergency whistle be heard?
1000-1100 yards
How long does the MK-124 burn for?
20 sec per side
What angle do you hold the MK-124?
45 degrees
The MK-79 contains how many flares?
7
What color is the MK-79?
Red
What is the altitude of the MK-79 flare?
250-650 feet
How long does the MK-79 burn for?
4.5 sec
How much candle power is the MK-79 flare?
12,000
If MK-79 fails to fire a second time, how long do you wait before unscrewing?
30 sec
The distress signal will flash approx. how many times per minute?
50
What is the luminous intensity of the distress signal?
100,000 candle power
How long will the distress signal last?
9 hours continuously
What is the visibility of the distress signal on a clear night?
5 miles
What color is the MK-127?
White
How high will the MK-127 fire?
650-750 feet
How long will the MK-127 burn for?
36 sec
What is the luminous intensity of the MK-127?
125,000 candle power
What is the decent rate of the MK-127?
10-15 feet per sec
What angle should the MK-127 be held when fired?
90 degrees
How many pounds of force is required to break the weak link of the life raft?
500 lbs
Who should exit a capsized vessel first?
Best swimmer
Line used on CG boats are classified in how many ways?
2; Material and size
Small stuff is line up to what circumference?
1.5”
Regular line is what circumference?
1.5” to 5”
Hawser is line of what circumference?
5” and over
Strands twisted to either the right of the left is known as?
Lay
Made only from synthetics and 50% of its strength is in the core?
Double-braided
Made of eight strands, four right-twisted and four left-twisted?
Plaited
Made from fibers of the abaca plant and is the strongest and most expensive of the natural fibers?
Manila
Made from the agave plant and is rated 80% of Manila strength?
Sisal
What are the four natural fiber lines types?
Manual, sisal, hemp and cotton
Should you use natural fiber line as a tow line?
No
This synthetic line fiber is about 80% of the strength of nylon and only stretches 10% of its original length?
Dacron
The strongest of synthetic lines?
Nylon
This line is half the strength of nylon, 25% lighter and floats in water?
Polyethylene and Polypropylene
This line is used where the line must bear a load?
Nylon
The only line used for towlines on CG boats?
Double-braided Nylon
This refers to the stretch of the line?
Elongation
This refers to the ability of the line to recover from elongation?
Elasticity
The point where the static pulling force becomes such that any increase in engine load could lead to damage to the engine of the towing boat?
Bollard Pull
What is the preferred method for cutting nylon and polypropylene line?
Hot knife
This occurs when a line under a strain exceeds 75% of its breaking strength?
Fiber damage
A twist or curl caused when the line doubles back on itself?
Kink
A kink in an inner yarn that forces the yarns to the surface?
Cockle
Will braided line will not kink or cockle?
No
Lines that are overloaded should be replaced if the circumference is reduced by what percent?
5%
Rust stains, extending into the cross section of natural fiber and nylon fiber yarns can lower line strength as much as?
40%
Three strand synthetic lines should be allowed to relax for how long?
24 hours
Lengths less than 50ft will relax in how long when laid out straight?
One hour
Three-strand synthetic line often coiled in what direction to reduce a natural tendency to tighten up?
Clockwise
Device used to measure the percentage of elongation is called?
Tattletale
Knots or splices can reduce the breaking strength of a line as much as?
50 to 60%
What is stronger a knot or a splice?
Splice
The running end or the free end of a line, the working end?
Bitter end
The long unused or belated end of a line?
Standing part
A loop made in a line by crossing the bitter end over the standing part?
Overhand look
A loop made in a line by crossing the bitter end under the standing part?
Underhand loop
Formed by turning the line back on itself?
Bight
A single wind or bight of a rope, laid around a belaying pin, post, bollard or the like?
Turn
A complete turn or encircling of a line about an object, as opposed to a single turn?
Round turn
Used to make a temporary eye in a line?
Bowline
Used for temporarily securing a line to objects such as a ring or eye?
Half hitches
Used the attach one line to another, where the second line is under a strain and cannot be bent?
Rolling hitch
Preferred knot for securing a heaving line to a towline?
Clove hitch
A clove hitch with a quick release?
Slip clove hitch
Used to secure a line to lots, spars, planks, or other rough-surfaces material?
Timber hitch
The best knot for connecting a line to an eye splice in another line?
Single becket bend
Used for joining lines of unequal size?
Double becket bend
Also known as a reef knot?
Square knot
An overhand knot with an extra twist?
Figure eight knot (stopper)
Used to secure a line to a ring in and anchor or mooring buoy?
Anchor bend (fisherman’s)
Used to temporarily shorten a piece of line?
Sheepshank
May be used to prevent an I whipped line from unlaying?
Crown knot
How many ticks in eye splice for three strand natural fiber?
3
How many tucks in an eye spliced for three strand synthetic line?
4
Used to permanently connect two ends of a line?
Short splice
How many turns should be made for a temporary whipping?
Same as diameter
How many wraps should be made for permanent whipping?
15 to 20 wraps
What is the rule of thumb of line diameter to each inch of cleat?
1/16” per
Powers of observation, concentration, and judgment are dramatically redueced by?
Fatigue
Extreme weather conditions, stress, exposure to noise and sun, lack of sleep, and boredom are some situations that may cause?
Fatigue
The crews’ safety and welfare is whose primary responsibility?
Coxswain
Inability to focus, confusion, increased irritability, decreased performance and concern for safety are symptoms of?
Fatigue
Adequate rest, crew rotation, food and refreshments and appropriate dress can help prevent?
Fatigue
Motion sickness, glare, rough sea conditions, rain or snow and boat vibrations are considered?
Environmental conditions that promote fatigue
What are the 5 primary factors that can be used to predict fatigue-related crew endurance decrements in operation?
- Time of day
- Sleep duration/quality
- Stability of sleep/wake schedule
- Continuous vs split sleep
- Period of sustained wakefulness
For missions that begin or end between 2300 and 0500, if the boatcrew had initial sleep of 0-6 hours, what is the required additional sleep period?
6+ hours
For missions that begin or end between 2300 and 0500, if the boatcrew had intial sleep of 6-7 hours, what is the required additional sleep period?
2+ hours
Time spent at a sheltered anchorage can extend the maximum hours for a crew by?
50%
Crews who perform missions on multiple boat types in a 24 hour period should not exceed ___ hours underway.
6 - 10
What are the 3 different type of hulls?
Displacement, Planing and Semi-displacement
The ability of a boat to float is known as?
Buoyancy
The ability of a boat to remain upright is known as?
Stability
The outward turn of the hull as the sides of the hill come up from the waterline, increasing displacement?
Flare
This is the reverse of flare, and is the shape of the hull as it moves out going from the gunwale to the waterline?
Tumble home
The curvature of the deck athwartships, so water flows off is called?
Camber
The curvature of the main deck from bow to stern?
Sheer
Additional floatation known as “reserve buoyancy” is provided by?
Flare and Sheer
The turn of the boats hull below the waterline?
Chine
The ____ at the stern of the boat is either wide, float, or curved. It affects the speed, hull resistance, and performanced of the boat.
Transom
The distance from the bow to the stern at the waterline?
Length and waterline
The distance from the foremost to the aftermost points on the boat hull?
Length overall
The measurement of the widest part of the hull?
Beam
The measurement of a frame from its port inside edge to its starboard inside edge?
Breadth
The distance between outside surfaces of the shell plating of the hull at its widest point?
Molded Beam
The distance between outside edges of the frames at the widest point of the hull?
Extreme breadth
The depth of the boat from the waterline to the keel?
Draft
The depth of the boat from the actual waterline to any other permanent projection?
Draft appendage
Relative term that refers to the way the boat sits in the water?
Trim
The weight of a boat and is measured in long tons or pounds?
Displacement
The entire cubic capacity of a boat expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet?
Gross tons
The carrying capacity of a boat expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet, and is calculated by measuring the cubic content of the cargo and passenger spaces?
Net tons
The difference between the light displacement and the maximum loaded displacement of a boat and is expressed in long tons or pounds?
Deadweight
The weight of the boat excluding fuel, water, outfit, cargo, crew, and passengers?
Light Displacement
The weight of the boat including fuel, water, outfit, cargo, crew and passengers?
Loaded Displacement
This type of hull boat pushes away water allowing the hull to settle down into the water?
Displacement
The displacement hull vessels maximum speed is determined by?
Its waterline length
External forces cause this hull to lift up onto the water?
Planing
The backbone of the boat?
Keel
These ___ are attached to the keel and extend athwarthships?
Frames
An extension of the forward end of the keel and are normally raked at an upward angle to reduce water friction?
Stem
A vertical extension of the aft end of the keel?
Sternpost
In metal boats, what are the two common types of keels?
Bar and Flat plate
This type of keel can be disadvantageous because it extends below the bottom of the boat increasing the boats draft?
Bar
This type of keel is perpendicular to the centerline of the hull resembling an “I” beam?
Flat plate
This rudder blade is about half forward and half aft of the rudder post?
Balanced
The rudder is more than half of the blade aft of the rudder post?
Semi-balanced
This rudder blade is entirely aft of the rudder post?
Unbalanced
The propeller on a single screw boat typically turn in what directions?
Clockwise
On twin screw boats the propellers turn in what direction?
Opposite, rotating outward
The area of the blade down at the hub is called?
Root
The edge of the propeller blade that strikes the water first is called?
Leading edge
The edge of the propeller blade opposite of the edge that strikes first is called?
Following edge
The diameter of the screw, the circle made by its tips and its circumference is called?
Tip circle
The distance a propeller advances in one revolution with no slip?
Pitch
These extend athwartships and ar perpendicular to the keel, also known as the “ribs”?
Transverse frames
How are frames numbered on the 47’ MLB?
Stern to bow
These frames run parallel with keel and provide hull strength along its length?
Longitudinal frames
Holes is the side railings of a boat designed for water to flow overboard are known as?
Scuppers
A weather deck hatch is made watertight by sealing it into a raised framework called?
Coaming
Watertight doors and hatches should be secured by tightening down which dogs first?
Opposite of hinges
Watertight doors and hatches should be opened by loosening which dogs first?
Nearest to the hinges
Chafing chain is attached to the shank of the anchor by what?
Screw pin shackle
This prevents chafing of anchor line at connection point with associated hardware?
Thimble
This allows the achor to spin freely?
Swivel
This attaches to a trailer eyebolt on small boats for towing or weighing anchor of disabled boats, etc?
Kicker hook
Used to determining water depth and bottom type?
Lead line
The two primary forces that affect stability?
Gravity and Buoyancy
The point at which the weight of the boat acts vertically downwards?
Center of gravity
The upward force of water displaced by the hull?
Buoyancy
The point on which all upward/vertical force is considered to act?
Center of buoyancy
The point when a boat is at rest, the center of buoyancy acting upwards is below the center of gravity acting downwards?
Equilibrium
The intersection of hte vertical line through the center of buoyancy and the vertical centerline is called the?
Metacenter
A temporary leaning of the boat?
Heeling
A permanent leaning of the boat?
Listing
Side to side motion of boat?
Rolling
Two types of stability?
Longitudinal and Transverse
The force that causes a vessel to return to an even keel, or upright position?
Vessel’s moment
The force causig a vessel to react against a roll and return to an even keel?
Righting moment
Placement of weight within the hull, flooding or grounding are examples of what type of force?
Static
Wind and waves are example of what type of force?
Dynamic
Observing the roll of both vessels, being aware of external forces, adjusting course and speed and avoiding sharp tuerns are examples of?
Stability Risk management
Loose water that shifts from side to side or forward and aft is called?
Free Surface Effect
If the free surface are doubles in width, its adverse effect on stability will change by a factor of?
4
The unobstructed movement of seawater into and out of the vessel caused by damage to the hull?
Free communication with the sea
The entry of water into the hull?
Down-flooding
Environmental forces that affect the horizontal motion of a vessel are?
Wind, seas, and currents
The amount of surface upon which the wind acts upon on a vessel called?
Sail area
If a vessel’s draft is shallower forward than aft, the wind will affect the ___ more?
Bow
Small pockets of clam areas made from vessels or piers that block the wind?
Wind shadow
When ____ goes against the wind, the wave patterns will be steeper and closer together.
Current
One knot of current may affet a vessel to the same degree as a ____ knot wind.
30
Point of which every vessel rotates in a transverse direction?
Pivot point
What is the degree of offset used to compensate for shaft torque?
Approx. 1 degree
The water flow pattern into the propeller’s arc of rotation?
Suction screw current
The thrust flow pattern out of the propeller?
Discharge screw current
Which screw current will always be stronger that the other?
Discharge screw current
For right-handed screws turning ahead, the stern will tend to move to?
Starboard
This usually occurs when the propeller rotates at very high speeds and a partial vacuum foms air bubbles at the tips of the propeller blades?
Cavitation
An engine-driven impeller mounted in housing, allowing for peration in very shallow water?
Waterjet
Waterjet impellers generate no side force?
True
When going from ahead to astern position or vice versa, a coxswain should what?
Stop briefly at the the neutral position
At low speeds, helm correction will be more frequent and require more rudder than at higher speeds?
True
Why should running at full speed all of the time be avoided?
Increases fuel consumption with no speed increase
What is good normal operating limit for semi displacement vessels?
80%
For many vessels, where is the most comfortable, secure location for the entire crew?
Immediate vicinity of the helm
In extremely narrow channels, a vessel moving through the water will cause the “wedge” of water between the bow and nearer bank to build up higher than on the other side. This is called?
Bank Cushion
Screw suction and the movement of water to “fill-in” where the boat was creates?
Bank Suction
Meeting another vessel close aboard can potential have this effect?
Bow cushion and Stern suction
When the forward speed is higher, the pivot of a vessel moves which way?
Forward
The distance a vessel is well off to the side of the original track through a turn?
Transfer
The path a vessel holds through 180 degrees is defined as?
Tactical Diameter
If a vessel holds a turn through 360 degrees, the distance it takes to reach the point where if first put the helm over is referred to as its?
Final diameter
Where is the water deepest and the current strongest, on natural waterway bends or turns?
Outside of the bend
Circular currents are called?
Eddies
How do you minimize the effect of head current when going through a bend?
Steering along the inside quarter of the channel
A turn with a following current should be approached just to the ___ of the middle of the channel.
Outside
The distance the vessel will travel when stopping from different speeds?
Head reach
Emergency techniques by immediately going from full speed ahead to full astern is known as?
Crash stop
When stopping forward way by full helm on a jet drive, what must be done before reducing thrust?
You must turn
As a vessel develops stern way the apparent pivot point moves?
Aft
When using one engine at higher RPM than the other?
Asymmetric power
For single-outboard/outdrive, propeller side force is offset by turning the helm slightly to the?
Right
When the propeller rotates without any resistance?
Free-wheel
Relying on the tendency of a vessel to back to port, and then thrust ahead to starboard, in order to turn the vessel in little more than its own length is known as?
Back and Fill (Casting)
Maintaining distance, position and aspect to or from an object is known as?
Station keeping
No two items will drift at the same speed through the water?
True
Keeping the current or wind directly on the bow or stern and hold position by setting boat speed to equally oppose the speed of drift?
Stem the forces
A breaking wave?
Breaker
The outer limit of the surf?
Breaker line
A wave with a thin line of water upon its crest on the point of breaking?
Comber
The top of a wave, breaker, or swell?
Crest
The distance over water in which seas are generated by an unobstructed wind of constant direction and speed?
Fetch
Top of the foaming water that speeds toward the beach after the wave has broken; popularly known as white water?
Foam crest
The time interval between successive wave crests passing a fixed point?
Frequency
Refracted or reflected waves that interact with other waves and cause an incease/decrease wave height?
Interference
The time, in seconds, it takes for two sucessive creasts to pass a fixed point?
Period
The combination of waves and swells, generally referred to as?
Seas
A group of waves that seem to travel together, at the same speed?
Series
Several breakers in a continuous lines?
Surf
The area near shore in which breaking occurs continuously in various intensities?
Surf zone
Waves that have been moved out of the area in which they were created, sometimes traveling for thousands of miles across deep water without much loss of energy?
Swell
The valley between waves?
Trough
Distance from bottom of trough to top of crest?
Wave height
Distance from crest to crest, or trough to trough?
Wave length
The two major types of waves?
Choppy and Rounded
A 20ft breaker will drop ___ tons of water on a boat and can swamp and/or severely damage it.
1500 tons
The three main types of breaking waves?
Plunging, Spilling, and Surging
A breaking waved caused by a sudden lack of water ahead of a wave, such as in a steep rise of the ocean floor?
Plunging
A breaking wave caused by waves of low steepness moving over a gentile sloping ocean floor?
Spilling
A breaking wave that occurs on very steep beaches?
Surging
A wind wave where the depth of the water is greater than one-half the wavelength?
Deepwater wave
A wave traveling in water where the depth is less than one-half the wavelength?
Shallow water wave
Tidal currents going against the waves will make the waves?
Steeper
Vertical rise and fall of the ocean water level caused by gravitational attraction of the sun and moon?
Tide
The horizontal motion of water resulting in te chage of tide?
Current
The compass heading toward which the water moves?
Current direction
Horizontal motion of water toward land?
Flood
Horizontal motion of water away from land?
Ebb
The period that occurs while the current is changing direction and as no horizontal motion?
Slack
Currents that run parallel to the shore and inside the breakers?
Longshore current
These currents occur at channel bends, near points of land, and at places where bottom is uneven?
Eddy
Who performs lookout duties in a crew?
Everyone
____ is based on the eyes receiving and interpreting a different type of light than exist during the daylight.
Night Vision
How long must your eyes take to adapt to night?
30 minutes
Looking all around an object, and not directly at it, at night is called?
Off-center vision
A mishap involving a PIW can be classified two ways?
Fall and ejection
Line #1 is called?
Bowline
Line #4 is called?
Stern line
Line #2 is called?
After bow spring line
Line #3 is called?
Forward quarter spring
During times of foul weather, _____ lines may be used to provide additional holding strength.
Breast lines (storm lines)
Which side moorings are the easiest for single-screw boats with “right-hand” props?
Portside
When mooring with an off-dock wind, the approach should be made at a sharp angle ___ ?
45 degrees or more
When mooring with an on-dock wind, the approach should be made?
Parallel
Do not approach from _____ if it will put the vessel and crew in jeopardy, whether from shoal water or obstructions farther to leeward, or from smoke or hazardous fumes.
Leeward
A line used to sheer a boat clear of a ships side when underway or to hold a boat in position under shipboard hoisitng davits?
Sea Painter
The upand down motion of the bow or stern?
Pitch
The vertical motion the entire boat makes?
Heave
Which water has more buoyancy, “green” or “white”?
Green water
General term for the anchor, anchor rodes, fittings etc.?
Ground tackle
A cyclindrical or elliptical pipr or casting in vessels hull through which the anchor rode runs?
Hawspipe
The horizontal force placed on an anchoring device by the vessel to which it is connected?
Horizontal load
A post or clear through or on the the deck of a vessel used to secure an anchor rode or other line to the vessel?
Mooring bit
The line connecting an anchor with a vessel?
Rode
The ratio of the length of the anchor rode to the vertical distance from the bow chocks to the bottom?
SCope
The lifting force placed on the bow of the vessel by its anchor rode?
Vertical load
A working, or service anchor should have the holding power to equal approximately ____ % of the boats displacement?
6%
A storm achor should be at least ____ % as effective as the service anchor?
150-200%
Part of the anchor that aids in setting and weighing the anchor, also the attachment point for the anchor line?
Shank
Part of the anchor that digs in the bottom and bury the anchor, providing holding power?
Flukes
Part of the anchor that lifts the rear of the flukes, and forces the flukes into the bottom?
Crown
Part of the anchor that prevents the anchor from rolling or rotating?
Stock
What is the most commonly used line for anchor rode?
Nylon
Synthetic line thimbles should be used for lines ___ in circumference or larger?
2 3/4” (7/8” diameter)
Tends to lower the angle of pull of the anchor and assists in preventing chafing of the anchor line on the bottom?
Chafing chain
Enough rode should be paid out so the lower end of the rode forms and angle of ___ with the bottom?
8 degrees or less
What is the recommended scope ration range of the anchor rode?
Between 5:1 and 7:1
What is the recommended scope ratio range of the anchor rode in heavy weather?
10:1
Monitor bearings taken on at least two landmarks shoud be a minimum of ___ apart?
45 degrees
What are the 2 different properties of static force that cause resistence in towing vessels?
Inertia and Moment of inertia
The tendency for a vessel at rest to stay at rest?
Inertia
When a towed vessel resists effort to turn about a vertical axis to change heading?
Moment of inertia
These forces occur when the towed vessel is moving, and are based on the towed vessels characteristics, the motion caused by the towing vessel, and the effect of waves and wind?
Dynamic forces
This is caused by the layer of water in immediate contact with the hull, water molecules tend to drag along the hull?
Frictional Resistance
This occurs when the boat is running beam to the seas?
Rolling
This occurs when the boat is running bow into the waves?
Pitching
This occurs when the boat is operating in floowing seas, sheering off to port or starboard due to the action of the waves?
Yawing
