BoardVitals III Flashcards
1
Q
hemolytic anemia
x linked
african or mediterranean descent
A
G6PD deficiency
2
Q
Shoe anatomy: Which aspect is the anterior portion of the upper that covers the toes & forefoot?
A
Vamp
3
Q
Shoe anatomy: posterior aspect of the upper
A
quarter
4
Q
Shoe anatomy: posterior heel cover
A
counter
5
Q
Shoe anatomy: part of the outsole that gives height
A
heel
6
Q
Shoe anatomy: rim where foot inserts
A
collar
7
Q
Shoe anatomy: inside bottom lining
A
insole
8
Q
Shoe anatomy: outside bottom lining
A
outsole
9
Q
Shoe anatomy: front upper; covers toes only
A
toebox
10
Q
Shoe anatomy: what covers the top of the foot
A
upper
11
Q
Shoe anatomy: for shoelaces
A
eyelet
12
Q
Shoe anatomy: protects top of foot from laces
A
tongue
13
Q
Shoe anatomy: inside of upper
A
lining
14
Q
Shoe anatomy: component of outersole; starts anterior to heel and ends at ball of shoe
A
shank
15
Q
When is pre op EKG necessary?
A
For intermediate and above risk procedures (low risk are considered ambulatory or superficial procedures) and patient has at least one risk factor:
1. stroke
2. CHF
3. insulin dependent diabetes
4. heart disease
5. kidney disease
16
Q
What is true IM angle?
A
true IM angle = IMA + MAA - 15
17
Q
Lepird is an osseous procedure to treat?
A
metadductus
18
Q
Proximal procedure to treat bunions. Lateral closing base wedge. Long osseous cut placement allows for easy/better transverse screw fixation.
A
Juvara
19
Q
most common periodic paralysis type
clinical symptoms from mild to crazy
triggered by anything
strictly muscle dysfunction
A
hypokalemic periodic paralysis
20
Q
Muscarinic antagonist of bronchoconstriction. Can be used for asthma or COPD
A
ipratropium
21
Q
beta-agonist that decreases smooth muscle tone. Good for acute asthma attacks
A
albuterol
22
Q
ivory phalanx associated with
A
psoriatic arthritis
23
Q
Name some oral MRSAs
A
clindamycin
bactrim
tetracyclines
24
Q
parasitic infection
warm tropics
self limiting but use topical thiabenzole
A
cutaneous larva migrans
25
Headaches, blurry vision, pruritus. Increased red blood cell mass = increased plasma volume. Increased hemoglobin. Decreased EPO. Normal O2.
polycythemia vera, a form of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm
26
Gout medicine: when to give allopurinol vs probenecid?
Over achieving, under paid.
Over producers give allopurinol. Under excretors give probenecid.
27
Medicines that lower urate by increasing renal excretion
probenecid or pegloticase
28
Medicines that lower urate by decreasing urate synthesis (AKA?)
Allopurinol or Febuxostat. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
29
Deep posterior calf compartment muscles from superficial to deep:
FHL>FDL>popliteus> tib post
30
Dietary supplements that affect coagulation and so should be stopped 1 week pre op
ginseng
ginkgo biloba
ginger
Vitamin E
garlic & fish oil
31
Gauntlet AFO does what?
locks up motion in the ankle, subtalar, and midtarsal joints
32
Autosomal recessive. Deafness, syncope, or sudden cardiac arrest. Torsades de pointes on EKG.
Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome
33
Autosomal recessive. Deafness, syncope, or sudden cardiac arrest. Torsades de pointes on EKG.
Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome
34
IV anesthetic that is good to use in emergencies bc it's generally safe cardiovascularly. It uniquely decreases intracranial pressure. Different structurally. Inhibits enzymes in cortisol and aldosterone synthesis so long term use = adrenal suppression.
Etomidate
35
Most cardio protective of all inhaled anesthetics?
isoflurane
36
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Proximal skeletal muscle weakness with skin manifestations. Facial erythema (eyelids). Gottron's papules/sign. ESR normal.
Dermatomyositis
37
Gottron's papules/sign
rash on extensor skin such as knees
38
Herald patch associated with which condition?
pityriasis rosea
39
Treponema pallidum associated with which infection?
syphilis
40
Inverse Square Law
refers to distance being inversely proportional to density. The larger the distance, the less photons will hit the film, the less dense.
41
KVP 15% Rule
Peak Kilovoltage controls the quality of the x-ray beam.
Decrease KVP by 15% = density/2
Increase KVP by 15% = density x 2
42
Law of Reciprocity
Exposure time and mA.
Directly proportional.
Increase time increases chance of photons hitting films increases density.
mA is the quantity of photons. Increase quantity of photons, increases it hitting film, increases density.
43
IV anesthetic. Thiopental or methohexital are examples. Despresses reticular activating system (CNS). Highly lipid soluble so eliminates via redistribution.
barbiturates
44
Wait at least ___ after stroke to have surgery
6 months
45
VTE or PE within the past ___, avoid surgery
1 month
46
Crutches instructions
Elbows flexed 20-30 degrees.
Distance between crutch to armpit and crutch to foot = 6 inches. Hand grip should be at ulnar styloid process or greater trochanter.
47
Longitudinal axis of foot
Minimum 4-6 degrees of motion in gait needed.
Pronated in contact.
Supinated in midstance and propulsion.
48
Horizontal ridges or dents in fingernails implying nutritional deficiency
beau's lines
49
negative birefringent crystals
gout
50
positive birefringent rhomboid crystals
pseudo gout aka CPPD (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition)
51
osborne J waves aka camel humps associated with
hypothermia
52
proportion of people who have the disease
prevalence
53
Procedure to fix underlapping 5th toe.
Thompson. Z incision, remove proximal phalanx, reef capsule to fill space, and close.
54
Procedure to fix cocked up 5th toe.
Ruiz-More. Elliptical incision, resect proximal phalanx, suture to plantarflex toe.
55
Neurological disease that causes peripheral neuropathy due to cyst formation in spinal cord
syringomyelia
56
During disasters, providers can share info as necessary and without consent for what purpose and to who?
Can share info necessary without consent to locate family. Can share with American red cross, press, etc. Can seek payment too.
57
Samilson osteotomy
Joint sparing calc osteotomy. Lateral incision. Through & through cut, moving posterior piece dorsally. This will decrease arch and calc inclination angle.
58
Dwyer calc osteotomy
Lateral calc osteotomy with medial hinge intact. Fixes rigid calc varus, determined by Coleman block test.
59
Exposure
Anything that can affect outcome.
60
Four stages of wound healing in order
1. hemostasis (platelets)
2. inflammation (blood)
3. proliferative (collagen)
4. maturation/remodeling (new collagen replacing old collagen)
61
Medication for Reiter's syndrome
Methotrexate
Sulfasalazine if they have HIV too
62
Charcot Marie Tooth drop foot, best tendon to transfer is
tibialis posterior
63
acute inflammatory neuropathy, consider this treatment
IV immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis
64
most common adverse events associated with IV Vitamin K
dyspnea and chest tightness
65
Prevalence
proportion of people who have the disease
66
Distraction histogenesis 4 stages
1. initiation- osteotomy and place ex-fix
2. latency. wait 5-7 days
3. distraction
4. consolidation
67
prolongation of QT interval, T wave is not affected
hypocalcemia
68
What plays a role in restricting dorsiflexion of the ankle
-posterior talofibular ligament
-posterior component of deltoid ligament
-tricep surae muscle group
69
multiple hereditary osteochodromatosis
Multiple benign tumors covered by cartilage; osteochondromas. Usually at growing end of metaphysis and stops growing with closure of the epiphyseal plates.
70
Ollier's disease
Benign growths of cartilages ( enchondromas), usually in hands and feet.
71
Metachondromatosis
Both enchondromas and osteochondromas.
72
Trevor disease
Asymmetric overgrowth of cartilage in epiphyses.
73
acroosteolysis
bone resorption of distal phalanges
74
Describe the 3 causes of hammertoes
Flexor stabilization: pronated foot. Weak tip post. Adductovarus.
Flexor substitution: supinated foot. Weak triceps-surae.
Flexors > interossei. Happens in late stance.
Extensor substitution: cavus foot. EDL > lumbricals. Swing phase.
75
Complete decongestive physiotherapy is contraindicated in
CHF
DVT
infection
Relative contraindicated for diabetes and cancer
76
Recommendations for VTE prophylaxis when neuraxial anesthesia is in play?
Wait 10-12 hours after LMWH before inserting.
Wait 10-12 hours after LMWH before removing.
Wait 2 hours after removing to restart LMWH.
77
fragment set outer diameters
Mini: 1.5, 2.0, 2.7 mm
Small: 3.5 and 4.0 mm
Large: 4.5 and 6.5 mm
78
Complete occlusion of coronary artery by thrombus will look like what on EKG?
ST segment elevation
79
Minimum pressure for compressive garments?
40 mmHG
80
Dactylitis associated with which arthritis?
psoriatic
81
order of effect using local anesthetic/ what sensation is lost first?
pain > temperature > touch > proprioception > muscle tone
82
Acute stasis dermatitis
Common type of eczema
83
MAC 1.8
sweet smell (good for asthma)
expensive
sevoflurane
84
MAC 0.75
bad for heart and liver
halothane
85
MAC 1.7
can cause seizures and toxic to kidney
Enflurane
86
MAC 1.2
pungent but most cardioprotective
isoflurane
87
MAC 6.0
pungent and causes airway irritation
special vape needed, liquid at room temp
lowest liver metabolism
desflurane
88
Allergies are ig what mediated?
igE
89
Most common deformity in cerebral palsy.
Second?
equinus
Calc
90
Murphy procedure
treats spastic equinus in CP. Transfers Achilles to dorsum of calc.
91
At what age do these coalitions ossify?
talonavicular
calcaneonavicular
talocalcaneal
TN 3-5
CN 8-12
TC 12-16
92
subcutaneous nodules seen in this arthritis
rheumatoid
93
psoriatic arthritis has nail ___
pitting
94
___ of subtalar joint & ___ rotation of femur UNLOCKS knee
pronation
lateral
95
capsulorrhaphy means...
opposite is...
to tighten capsule
capsulectomy
96
Jones fracture is at the ____ junction and is stewart type ___
metaphyseal diaphyseal
1
97
dissociative anesthetic
causes amnesia
commonly used for kids
ketamine
98
increase mAs by what for
dry plaster
wet plaster
dry fiberglass
wet fiberglass
dry plaster 2
wet plaster 3
dry fiberglass 40%
wet fiberglass 60%
99
slow progressing muscle dystrophy that presents in boys who complain of cramping after physical activity
becker muscular dystrophy
100
Becker and Duchenne are both x linked pseudohypertrophy of calves, but what are differences?
Becker is slow, duchenne is fast (diagnose before 10 yo). Becker has cramping complaints.
101
ABCDE subungual melanoma
age 50-70
black brown > 3 mm
change in nail
digit thumb/hallux
extend to proximal nail fold
102
which is more superficial and what is clinical difference? erysipelas vs cellulitis
erysipelas is more superficial
cellulitis is erythema AND edema, with larger borders
103
During contact phase, what is the position & motion of the oblique midtarsal joint axis? And the longitudinal?
Oblique is pronated and pronation
Longitudinal is supinated and supination
104
Pretibial muscles during contact do what
1. provide unstable midtarsal joint
2. shock absorption
3. decelerate pronation
4. decelerate plantarflexion
105
nonunion types
avascular and hypertrophic
avascular (intermediate fragment)
1. torsion - stuck to one side
2. comminuted - completely necrotic
3. defect - completely gone
4. atrophic - gone and has scar tissue now
hypertrophic
1. elephant foot - lots of callus
2. horse hoof - some callus
3. oligotrophic - like atrophic (twisted) but is vascular
106
patch
plaque
papule
macule
Patch > 1 cm flat
Plaque > 1 cm elevated
Papule < 1 cm elevated
Macule < 1 am flat
