Boards Flashcards
What is the most common congenital disorder in newborns?
Congenital heart disease (CHD)
What is the most common defect with CHD?
VSD
When CHD most likely associated with abnormal chromosomes what are the common defects?
AVSD, VSD,TOF
When CHD is least likely associated with abnormal chromosomes what are the common defects?
Heterotaxy, D-TGA
When CHD is most likely associated with non-cardiac anomalies what are the common defects?
TOF, Coarctation, PS
What is another name for 22q11 deletion?
DiGeorge Syndrome
What type of CHD is associated with DiGeorge Syndrome?
Conotruncal defects, VSD
95% risk factor
What CHD is associated with Noonan Syndrome?
Pulmonary Stenosis
65% risk factor
What is another name for 7q11.23 deletion?
Williams Syndrome
What types of CHD are associated with Williams Syndrome?
Aortic stenosis, Pulmonary stenosis, VSD
100% risk factor
What is another name for Trisomy 18?
Patau Syndrome
What type of CHD are associated with Patau Syndrome?
VSD and ASD
90% risk factor
What is the most common CHD associated with Downs syndrome?
AVSD
50% risk factor
What are some common teratogens associated with CHD.
Alcohol, Indomethacin, Lithium
What is the most common defects associated with Lithium?
Ebstein Anomaly, Tricuspid Atresia, ASD, and Mitral Atresia
What is the most common defect associated with Indomethacin?
Premature ductus arteriosus closure
What is organogenesis?
The period where all major organ systems form between the 3rd and 8th week of development
When does the heart start to beat?
approximately day 28 or between day 16-28
What aortic arches form the main aortic arch?
the four pair of arteries
What vein becomes the SVC?
The right cardinal vein
If the right umbilical vein does not disappear what will occur?
gastroschisis
What vein becomes the umbilical vein?
left umbilical vein
What vein becomes the IVC?
right vitelline vein
What are the 6 pathogenetic classification of congenital heart disease?
Tissue migration abnormalities Abnormal Intracardiac blood flow Cell death abnormalities Extracelluar matrix abnormalities Abnormal targeted growth Abnormal situs and looping defects
What are some tissue migration abnormalities defects?
Sub- arterial VSD Double-outlet right ventricle Tetralogy of fallot Persistent truncus arteriosus Complete transposition of the great arteries
Abnormal intracardiac blood flow
they may be progressive so therefore are not apparent until later in gestation. The smallest change in caliber can influence blood flow.
Altered resistance in the placenta can affect blood flow
What type od defects are associated with Abnormal intracardiac blood flow?
Atresia, stenosis, hypoplastic , and valve defects
What is apoptosis?
abnormal cell death
The ventricular septum and heart walls(myocardium) are formed by what?
compaction of cells
What are some common defects associated with cell death abnormalities?
Muscular VSD and Ebstein anomaly
