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Rachel Boards > Boards > Flashcards

Boards Flashcards

1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

AED with adverse effects of aplastic anemia and idiosyncratic liver failure

A

Felbamate

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3
Q

AED associated with encephalopathy

A

Tiagabine

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4
Q

AED used for absence seizures and well-tolerated

A

Ethosuximide

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5
Q

Alcohol use biomarker that can detect use over a 3-week period

A

Phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth)

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6
Q

Alcohol use biomarker detectable in blood for up to 36 hours

A

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG)

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7
Q

Alcohol use biomarker detectable for a short period (up to 48 hours)

A

Ethyl succinate (EtS)

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8
Q

Superior biomarker for moderate to heavy alcohol consumption

A

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)

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9
Q

Three α-Synucleinopathies

A

Neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson’s disease

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10
Q

Criteria for neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies

A

Neurocognitive dysfunction + at least 2 of: fluctuating cognition, recurrent visual hallucinations, REM sleep behavior disorder, Parkinson symptoms

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11
Q

Which Aβ peptide is more prone to aggregation and possibly more pathogenic in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Aβ1-42

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12
Q

Legal insanity rule requiring the defendant to have no idea what they did or can’t tell right from wrong

A

M’Naghten rule

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13
Q

Standard for legal insanity set by the American Law Institute Model Penal Code

A

Lacks substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of conduct

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14
Q

Secondary vesicle that gives rise to the cerebral hemispheres and Globus pallidus

A

Telencephalon

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15
Q

Secondary vesicle that develops into the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

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16
Q

AED that is cleared by the kidney unchanged

A

Topiramate

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17
Q

How is the CIWA-AR scored?

A

10 symptoms scored from 0 to 7, total score indicates severity of withdrawal

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18
Q

Range of CIWA-AR scores indicating severe alcohol withdrawal

A

15 or more

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19
Q

Effect of ECT on seizure threshold

A

Increases seizure threshold

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20
Q

EEG change associated with barbiturates or benzodiazepines

A

Increased beta activity

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21
Q

EEG change associated with opioids

A

Decreased alpha activity

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22
Q

EEG change associated with alcohol

A

Increased theta activity

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23
Q

Pathophysiology of PTSD

A

Disturbed amygdala–prefrontal cortex circuitry function during face emotion processing

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24
Q

Pathophysiology of schizophrenia

A

Impairment in excitation-inhibitory balance due to altered NMDA receptor signaling

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25
Q

Presentation of SIADH

A

Hyponatremia, low serum osmolality, high urine osmolality, concentrated urine

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26
Q

Erikson’s stage for ages 12 to 18

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

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27
Q

Nerve conduction process responsible for the absolute refractory period

A

Inactivation of Na+ channels

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28
Q

Sleep disturbance in major depressive disorder

A

Decreased REM latency, increased REM sleep

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29
Q

EEG characteristics of Stage N3 sleep

A

Delta waves, low frequency (0.5-2 Hz), high amplitude

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30
Q

Peak time for heroin withdrawal symptoms

A

36 to 72 hours after cessation

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31
Q

12-month prevalence of GAD in adults in the US

A

2.90%

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32
Q

FDA-approved medications for Tourette disorder

A

Haloperidol, aripiprazole, pimozide

33
Q

Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents according to NCS-A

A

49.50%

34
Q

Posttranslational modification that increases or decreases protein functional activity

A

Phosphorylation

35
Q

Posttranscriptional modification that stabilizes mRNA and helps its exit from the nucleus

A

Addition of poly-A tail

36
Q

Spinal cord syndrome characterized by variable quadriparesis

A

Central cord syndrome

37
Q

Spinal cord syndrome with loss of contralateral pain and temperature below the lesion

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

38
Q

Behavioral health screening tool for adolescents

A

CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble)

39
Q

4-item screening questionnaire for problem drinking

A

CAGE (Cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener)

40
Q

Measures signs and symptoms during narcotic withdrawal

A

CINA (Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment)

41
Q

Benzodiazepine with rapid absorption and 17-hour half-life

A

Estazolam

42
Q

Benzodiazepine with rapid absorption and 100-hour half-life

A

Flurazepam

43
Q

Benzodiazepine with slow absorption and 8-hour half-life

A

Oxazepam

44
Q

Benzodiazepine with medium absorption and 11-hour half-life

A

Temazepam

45
Q

Benzodiazepine with rapid absorption and 2-hour half-life

A

Triazolam

46
Q

Benzodiazepines best used in severe hepatic compromise

A

Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam (metabolized by glucuronidation)

47
Q

What is the major active metabolite of caffeine that mediates its psychostimulant effect?

A

Paraxanthines (84% of caffeine metabolites)

48
Q

How do polymorphisms of the gene that encodes P-450 2D6 affect codeine use?

A

Provide protection against nonmedical use by modulating accumulation of toxic metabolites, serving as a negative stimulus

49
Q

AED with adverse effects of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia

A

Carbamazepine

50
Q

Polyuria

A

polydipsia

51
Q

Polyuria

A

polydipsia

52
Q

Water retention

A

hyponatremia

53
Q

How does a mutation in CHNRA5 gene affect the nicotine receptor and carrier?

A

Decreases sensitivity to nicotine, increases risk of nicotine use disorder

54
Q

Changes in serotonin receptors in suicidal behavior

A

Increased 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor expression in prefrontal cortex; increased 5-HT2A receptor protein expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

55
Q

Reason for serotonin receptor changes in suicidal behavior

A

Compensatory mechanism for decreased serotonin activity of neurons

56
Q

Changes in adrenergic receptors in suicidal behavior

A

Increased β-adrenergic binding; increased α2-adrenergic receptor densities and protein expression in hypothalamus and frontal cortex

57
Q

Changes in glutamate receptors in suicidal behavior

A

Increased AMPA receptors in caudate nucleus

58
Q

Reason for glutamate receptor changes in suicidal behavior

A

Likely a compensatory mechanism for low glutamate levels

59
Q

Changes in opioid receptors in suicidal behavior

A

Decreased density of μ-opioid receptors in frontal and temporal cortex

60
Q

Changes in muscarinic receptors in suicidal behavior

A

Increased binding of M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors in anterior cingulate cortex

61
Q

Oscillations of inhibitory thalamic reticular neurons and excitatory thalamocortical and corticothalamic neurons - EEG pattern of what kind of seizures

A

Absence

62
Q

Chronic megaloblastic anemia, neurological changes (peripheral nerves, spinal cord, brain), mental changes (apathy, depression, irritability, moodiness), encephalopathy, delirium, delusions, hallucinations, neurocognitive disorder

A

Cobalamin deficiency (vitamin B12)

63
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: amnesia, neurocognitive disorder, cerebellar degeneration, nystagmus, ocular-motor paresis

A

Thiamine (B1) deficiency

64
Q

Pellagra neurocognitive disorder, dermatitis, diarrhea

A

Niacin (B3) deficiency

65
Q

Seizures and psychosis

A

Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency

66
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency

67
Q

Treatment for methemoglobinemia caused by nitrite exposure

A

Methylene blue

68
Q

Treatment for arrhythmias following inhalant use

A

Propranolol

69
Q

Treatment for chronic toluene inhalation presenting with hypokalemia

A

Sodium bicarbonate

70
Q

Treatment for acute inhalant intoxication presenting with ventricular arrhythmias

A

Amiodarone

71
Q

Mainstay of treatment for lithium-induced NDI

A

Amiloride

72
Q

Cerebellar changes in patients with ASD

A

Reduction in number or atrophy of Purkinje cells, mostly affecting posterolateral neocerebellar cortex and adjacent archicerebellar cortex

73
Q

fMRI finding associated with OCD

A

Hyperactivity in the caudate

74
Q

Mutations in the MECP2 gene located on the X chromosome; can arise sporadically or from germline mutations

A

Rett syndrome

75
Q

In chronic addiction

A

the switch from _______ to _______ -based efferent from the prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens is a hallmark change

76
Q

Criteria for Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

A

Single or multiple motor or vocal tics, with the same age and time parameters as Tourette’s disorder

77
Q

Criteria for Tourette’s Disorder

A

Multiple motor and one or more vocal tics present at some time during the illness, persisting for more than one year, with onset younger than 18 years of age

78
Q

Criteria for Provisional Tic Disorder

A

Presence of a single tic or multiple motor and/or vocal tics, present for less than 1 year since the first tic onset

Rachel Boards (2 decks)

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