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1
Q

virulence factor found only in gram positive organisms

A

Teichoic acids

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2
Q

major virulence factor of streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Capsule - antiphagocytic

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3
Q

what organism has the following characteristics causes dry hacking cough, causes atypical walking pneumonia, has a high titer of cold agglutinins and lacks a cell wall

A

myscoplasma pneumoniae

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4
Q

name the organism: catalase +; coagulase -; mannitol salt -; novobiocin resistant

A

staphylococcus saprophyticus

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5
Q

Ability to take up naked DNA from the environment known as what in bacterial genetics?

A

Transformation

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6
Q

what process involves an F+ plasmid and a sex pilus?

A

Conjugation

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7
Q

What is the process whereby a segment of DNA can jump from one location to another

A

Transposition

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8
Q

This process in bacterial genetics involves viruses

A

Transduction

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9
Q

Name the organism: sorbitol negative, lactose fermenting, gram negative rods, causes bloody diarrhea

A

EHEC

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10
Q

What is a complication of EHEC?

A

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (triad of anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure)

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11
Q

Name the organism: gram negative, lactose negative rod; causes ROSE SPOTS on abdomen, fever, headache and diarrhea; can remain in gallbladder and cause carrier state

A

salmonella typhi

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12
Q

Name the organism: gram negative, lactose negative rod; does not cause typhoid fever

A

salmonella enterica biovar typhimurium

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13
Q

Name the organism: gram negative rod; causes high fever, swelling in armpits and groin area

A

yersinia pestis - bubonic plague

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14
Q

How is yersinia pestis transmitted?

A

Fleas

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15
Q

Salmonella or Shigella? have flagella, disseminate hematogenously, produce hydrogen sulfide, can cause bloody diarrhea, does not ferment lactose , many animal reservoirs

A

Salmonella

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16
Q

Salmonella or Shigella? no flagella, cell to cell transmission, does not produce hydrogen sulfide, often causes blood diarrhea, does not ferment lactose, only reservoirs are humans and primates

A

Shigella

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17
Q

What is the MOA of the shigella toxin?

A

inhibition of protein synthesis

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18
Q

What type of organism is diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Cestode (tapeworms)

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19
Q

How is diphyllobothrium latum transmitted?

A

ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish

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20
Q

How is diphylllobothrium latum treated?

A

praziquantel

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21
Q

What condition does diphyllobothrium latum cause?

A

vitamin B12 deficiency - tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine causing anemia

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22
Q

Name the organism: pigs are reservoir, causes watery diarrhea with blood and pus

A

Balantidium coli

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23
Q

Beavers and muskrats are reservoirs for this protozoa

A

Giardia lamblia

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24
Q

Describe disease caused by Giardia lamblia

A

bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea

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25
Q

Name the organism: severe diarrhea in AIDS patients, watery diarrhea in immunecompetent, cysts seen on acid fast stain

A

cryptosporidium

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26
Q

Which organism as the following clinical disease description? mimics giardiasis with malabsorption syndrome

A

Cystoisospora belli

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27
Q

A trematode (fluke) with a terminal spine

A

Schistosome haematobium

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28
Q

A trematode (fluke) with a lateral spine

A

Schistosome mansoni

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29
Q

A trematode (fluke) with a non-distinct spine

A

Schistosome japonicum

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30
Q

Neonatal manifestations of toxoplasma gondii

A

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

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31
Q

Neonatal manifestations of rubella

A

pulmonary artery hypoplasia, CATARACTS, deafness, blueberry muffin rash

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32
Q

Neonatal manifestations of CMV

A

hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash, microcephaly, low birth weight

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33
Q

Neonatal manifestations of HSV-2

A

encephalitis, herpetic lesions

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34
Q

Neonatal manifestations of syphilis

A

stillbirth, hydrops fetalis, notched teeth, sadles nose, short maxilla, saber shins, CN VIII deafness

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35
Q

Name the virus: heterophile +, atypical lymphocytes, a herpes virus

A

EBV

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36
Q

Does enterovirus cause GI symptoms?

37
Q

Name the virus: flu like symptoms and flaccid paralysis with no sensory less

A

poliovirus

38
Q

how is poliovirus transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

39
Q

Site of latency for HSV-1

A

trigeminal ganglia

40
Q

Site of latency for VZV

A

dorsal root ganglia

41
Q

Site of latency for HSV-2

A

sacral ganglia

42
Q

Virus that causes black vomit

A

Yellow fever virus

43
Q

What virus causes temporal lob encephalitis

44
Q

T/F a complication of adenovirus can also be hematuria

45
Q

The Ixodes tick transmitts what two conditions?

A

Lyme Disease and Babesia (hence possible coinfection)

46
Q

Blood smear shows a maltese cross, what does this indicate?

47
Q

Name the virus: single stranded RNA virus, most common cause of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B virus

48
Q

Warts on a 10 year olds hands points to what virus?

49
Q

What type of virus is HPV?

A

non-enveloped DNA virus

50
Q

What does the presence of HBeAg indicate?

A

chronic infection

51
Q

What is common in second stage lyme disease?

A

Bell Palsy

52
Q

Name the bug: gram negative rods with bipolar staining; causes fever, malaise, dyspnea, chest pain

A

Yesinia pestis

53
Q

Name the bug: weakness, backache, arthralgias, fever that is worse at night, profuse sweating

A

Brucella abortus

54
Q

Name the bug: fever, malaise, vesicular rash in the oral mucosa, vesicles are all the same age

A

Small pox virus

55
Q

Name the mold - septate hyphi that branch at 45 degree angles, appearance of fungus ball on chest xray

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

56
Q

Name the fungus - found in states east of the Mississippi Rive and centeral america, broad base budding

A

Blastomycosis

57
Q

Name the mold - seen mostly in ketoacidotic diabetics, black necrotic eschar can form

A

Mucor and Rhizopus

58
Q

What does Mucor look like on histological image?

A

nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

59
Q

Name the fungus - found in southwestern US, California, causes pneumonia and meningitis, SPHERULES filled with endospores

A

Coccidioidomycosis

60
Q

Name the organism - dimorphic yeast, pseudohyphae and budding yeasts; causes oral and esophageal thrush in immune compromised

A

Candida albicans

61
Q

Name the organism - encapsulated, found in pigeon droppings and soil, stains with india ink

A

Cryptosporidium neoformans

62
Q

Name the organism - symptoms include fever, night sweats, weightloss and hemoptysis, surface glycolipids inhibit phagolysosome fusion

A

Mycoplasma tuberculosis

63
Q

ring enhancing lesions in the brain suggest what?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

64
Q

Describe the measles virus

A

RNA, negative stranded, enveloped

65
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi which causes Chagas disease is transmitted by what?

A

Reduviid bug

66
Q

Name the bug - causes malaise, chills, sore throat, dry cough, intersitial pneumonia; does not gram stain, sputum reveals PMNs but no organisms

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

67
Q

those working at the aquarium and dealing with fish tanks are at risk for what?

A

mycobacterium marinum

68
Q

Break bone fever is transmitted by?

A

(Dengue fever; Flavivirus) by Aedes mosquito

69
Q

Where in the body is bacteroides fragilis part of the normal flora?

70
Q

This organism is part of the normal flora of the colon and is gram negative and an obligate anaerobe

A

Bacteroides fragilis

71
Q

T/F chlamydia trachomatis causes reactive arthritis

72
Q

symptoms of pseudomembranous pharyngitis (grayish white membrane) with lymphadenopathy, myocarditis and arrhythmias indicate what organism?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

73
Q

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is considered what type of hypersensitivity?

74
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is a common antecedent to what?

A

Buillain-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis

75
Q

Name the organism - blood and pus in stool, fecal oral transmission, oxidase positive, GROWS AT 42 DEGREES

A

Campylobacter jejuni

76
Q

exposure to aborted fetus from a sheep is associated with which organism?

A

Brucella meletensis

77
Q

Parvovirus B19 is what type of virus?

A

single stranded DNA virus (the only singled stranded DNA virus)

78
Q

Name the organism - motility causes swarming on agar; produces urease; ASSOCIATED WITH STRUVITE STONES

A

Proteus mirabilis

79
Q

name the parasite - associated with bears, myalgia, persistent low grade fever

A

Trichinella spiralis

80
Q

Name the parasite - severe edema of lower legs

A

Wucheria bancrofti

81
Q

Name the parasite- associated with Africa, diminished visual acuity

A

Onchocerca volvulus

82
Q

What parasite also affects the eye but does not cause blindness like Onchocerca volvulus

83
Q

Vector for African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei)

A

Tsetse fly

84
Q

Vector for Chagas Disease (Trypansoma cruzi)

A

Reduviid bug

85
Q

Vector for Elephantiasis (Wuchereria bancrofti)

A

Female Mosquito

86
Q

Vector for River blindness (onchocerca volvulus)

87
Q

Vector for Malaria (Plasmodium)

A

Anopheles Mosquito

88
Q

Vector for Leishmaniasis

micro board review exam (1 decks)

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