Board qualifying Flashcards
What is the ossification (in years) for a talonavicular coalition?
3-5 y/o
What is the ossification (in years) for a calcaneonavicular coalition?
8-12 y/o
What is the ossification (in years) for a talocalcaneal coalition?
12-16 y/o
List in order of ossification the common coalitions from youngest to oldest age groups
talonavicular (3-5 y/o)
calcaneonavicular (8-12 y/o)
talocalcaneal (12-16 y/o)
which radiographic view do you see a talonavicular coalition best in?
AP view
which radiographic view do you see a calcaneonavicular coaliton best in?
medial oblique view (and lateral view)
which radiographic view do you see a talocalcaneal coaliton best in?
Harris- beath view
How do you position for a Harris- beath view?
patient is erect;
- sole of the foot is flat on the cassette;
- central beam angled 45 deg toward the midline of the heel;
- 35 or 55 deg is used to better visualize other facets of sub-talar joint;
*demonstrates the body of the calcaneus, middle facet of the sub-talar Joint and the sustenaculum tali the best
What are isherwood projections good at visualizing?
subtalar joint
- the MO axial view –> middle/ posterior facets
- the lateral oblique axial –> posterior facet
- olibque plantar dorsal –> anterior facet
List the ASA classifications.
ASA 1- normal, healthy patient
ASA 2- mild, systemic dz (controlled HTN, DM)
ASA 3- severe systemic dz (uncontrolled DM)
ASA 4- critical condition constant threat to life
ASA 5- moribound, unexpected survival w/o sx
ASA 6- brain dead
*E- denotes emergency
What are the pre-op guidelines for aspirin?
hold 7-10 days prior to sx
due to irreversible COX inhibition activity
What are the pre-op guidelines for NSAIDs?
hold 3 days prior to sx
due to reversible COX inhibition activity
what are the preop guidelines for plavix (clopidogrel)?
hold 7-10 days prior to sx
due to irreversible anti-platelets
what are the pre-op guidelines for beta-blockers?
CONTINUE up to and including day of sx
what are the pre-op guidelines for Calcium channel-blockers?
CONTINUE up to and including day of sx
what are the pre-op guidelines for ACEi, diuretics, and ARBs?
HOLD morning of sx
increased risk of hypotension in sx
what are the pre-op guidelines for statins?
hold one day prior (risk of rhabdo/myositis)
what is the medial legal term for which a “doctor may be held responsible for nurse’s negligence”?
respondeat superior
what is the medical legal term for which “the court follows its previous decision based on similar facts”?
stare decisis
what is the medical legal term for which “describes the selection and questioning of jurors”?
voir dire
what is the medical legal term for which “is the basis of malpractice based on negligence”? (i.e. private wrong NOT based on contract)
tort
what is the medical legal term for which “the thing speaks for itself” (shows breach of care without direct evidence)?
res ipsa loquitor
Which part of Medicare provides hospital coverage (as well as SNF, and home health)?
medicare part A
Which part of Medicare provides prescription drug coverage?
Medicare part D
Which part of medicare provides medical coverage (doctor/ lab services/ outpatient and preventative care/ pT/OT)
medicare part b
What is Medicare part C?
(A+B) plans = Medicare advantage
Ex. HMO, PPO
What is the anti-kickback law?
criminal statute that prohibits the exchange of anything of value in an effort to induce the referral of federal healthcare program
what is the stark law?
prohibits physician self-referral to an entity if the physician has financial gain
what 4 elements are required to prove negligence?
duty, breach, causation, damage
Define how to calculate incidence.
NEW cases within a time frame/ population at risk
Define how to calculate prevalence.
TOTAL # cases within a specific time frame/ population at risk
Define how to calculate sensitivity.
TP / (TP + FN)
Define how to calculate specificity.
TN/ (FP+ TN)
Define how to calculate PPV.
TP/ (TP + FP)
Define how to calculate NPV.
TN/ (TN + FN)
List the Hawkins classification for talar neck fractures and their associated incidence of AVN.
Hawkins type 1- nondisplaced talar neck fx (rare to see AVN)
Hawkins type 2- talar neck fx with mild displacement; subluxing of STJ (AVN 16-75%)
Hawkins type 3- talar neck fx with moderate displacement; subluxing of AJ (AVN 35-75%)
Hawkins type 4- talar neck fx with severe displacement, subluxing of STJ, AJ, AND TNJ
how much skin lengthening do you get with a 30 deg Z-plasty?
25%
how much skin lengthening do you get with a 45 deg Z-plasty?
50%
how much skin lengthening do you get with a 60 deg Z-plasty?
75%
What is Barlow’s test for?
developmental hip dysplasia - hip pops out of the acetabulum with this maneuver
*mnemonic- BARlow’s test- “we’re going out tonight!”
What is Ortolani’s test?
The femoral head is reduced back into the acetabulum with this maneuver
*mnemonic- Ortolani’s test-“o” for out; “once we have been out, it’s time to go home”
