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Comlex 3 > Board Prep > Flashcards

Board Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Localized impetigo tx

A

Topical mupirocin

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2
Q

Widespread impetigo tx

A

Dicloxacillin or cephalexin PO

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3
Q

Etanercept mechanism

A

Binds TNF-a (modified TNF-a receptor)

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4
Q

Hantavirus x-ray findings

A

Diffuse interstitial edema

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5
Q

Fusiform dilation of the common bile duct

A

Choledochal cyst

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6
Q

Daily fevers, arthralgias, rash in peds

A

Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

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7
Q

Juvenile hyperferritinemia

A

JIA

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8
Q

Diabetes diagnosis

A

Random glucose >200 + sx, fasting glucose >125 x2, OGT >200, A1c >6.5%

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9
Q

Resectable pancreatic cancer finding

A

Involvement of gastroduodenal artery

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10
Q

Site of osteosarcoma metastasis

A

Lungs

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11
Q

Cranial nerves involved in poor suckling

A

IX, X, XII

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12
Q

Site of nerve compression in poor suckling

A

Hypoglossal canal and jugular foramen

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13
Q

Most sensitive test to detect carcinoma of the pancreatic head

A

ERCP

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14
Q

Cause of posterior shoulder dislocations

A

Convulsions

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15
Q

Arm position in anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Slightly abducted and externally rotated

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16
Q

Workup for new thyroid nodule

A

TSH and ultrasound

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17
Q

Finding in papillary thyroid cancer

A

Psammoma bodies

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18
Q

Lab findings in ascending cholangitis

A

Leukocytosis, increased GGT, increased bili, increased alk phos

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19
Q

Celiac disease blood test

A

tTG-IgA antibody titer and IgA endomysial antibody testing

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20
Q

IgA deficiency risk

A

Anaphylaxis

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21
Q

GDM screening time frame

A

Late second trimester

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22
Q

Treatment for AUB

A

Estrogen, IV fluids, D&C

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23
Q

Treatment of methemoglobinemia

A

Methylene blue

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24
Q

Cause of methemoglobinemia

A

Excess nitrites in water (mountain water)

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25
Q

Treatment of psoriasis

A

UV light or immune modifying agents

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26
Q

Lab finding in excess laxative use

A

Hypokalemia, acidosis

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27
Q

Iron overload infection risks

A

Vibrio vulnificus and Yersinia enterocolitis

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28
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea prophylaxis

A

Rifaximin 1st line, azithromycin 2nd line

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29
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis treatment

A

Obtain cultures, start broad spectrum Abx, surgical debridement in OR

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30
Q

Beta blocker overdose tx

A

Glucagon

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31
Q

Cyanide antidote

A

Amyl nitrate

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32
Q

Disulfiram antidote

A

Fomepizole

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33
Q

Iron toxicity

A

Deferoxamine (chelating agent)

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34
Q

Methanol antidote

A

Fomepizole

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35
Q

Aortoiliac disease sx

A

PAD sx plus buttock claudication, decreased femoral pulses, impotence

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36
Q

Epiglottitis causative organism

A

Strep pneumo in adults, H. flu in kids

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37
Q

Syringomyelia sx

A

Loss of pain and temperature sensation in a band-like distribution across upper extremities

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38
Q

Cause of syringomyelia

A

Arnold-Chiari malformation

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39
Q

Lofgren’s syndrome

A

Acute sarcoidosis

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40
Q

Secondary cause of hypertension in young women

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia leading to renal artery stenosis

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41
Q

Osler nodes

A

Tender, violaceous nodules on pads of fingers and toes

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42
Q

Janeway lesions

A

Nontender, erythematous macules on palmar and plantar surfaces of hands and feet

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43
Q

Test for Zollinger Ellison syndrome

A

Fasting gastrin level, followed by secretin suppression

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44
Q

Mechanism of Huntington disease

A

Atrophy of the caudate nucleus

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45
Q

Signs of urethral injury

A

Blood at the urethral meatus and a high rising prostate

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46
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

Edema/bruising near the umbilicus

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47
Q

Grey Turner sign

A

Bruising/discoloration of the flanks

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48
Q

EKG finding in WPW

A

Shortened P-R interval

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49
Q

WPW tachycardia tx

A

Procainamide

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50
Q

Arrhythmia associated with sudden cardiac death in WPW

A

Afib

51
Q

Delayed complication associated with oral electrical burn

A

Labial artery bleeding

52
Q

Type I error

A

Null hypothesis was incorrectly rejected

53
Q

Type II error

A

Null hypothesis failed to be rejected

54
Q

Liver condition associated with UC

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

55
Q

Cancer associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

56
Q

Lab findings in ascending cholangitis

A

Leukocytosis, increased GGT, bilirubin, and alk phos

57
Q

Hemorrhagic shock classes

A

Class I: <0.75 L
Class II: .75-1.5 L
Class III: 1.5-2.0 L
Class IV: >2 L

58
Q

Side effects of gentamicin

A

Ototoxicity, ATN

59
Q

Treatment of mild Crohn’s

A

Steroids or 5-ASA

60
Q

Treatment of moderate/severe Crohn’s

A

TNF-alpha inhibitors (adalimumab) or other biologics +/- immunomodulators (methotrexate, azathioprine) vs steroids

61
Q

Most common skin manifestation of ITP

A

Petechiae

62
Q

High risk procedures for endocarditis

A
  • Dental procedure with gingival/mucosal involvement
  • Procedure penetrating infected skin or muscles
  • Planned penetration of GI or GI structures
  • Procedures penetrating the respiratory tract
  • Procedures to place prosthetic heart valves or intravascular or intracardiac materials
63
Q

Length of anticoagulation prior to cardioversion

A

3 weeks

64
Q

Signs of patellofemoral syndrome

A

J sign, patellar crepitus with passive knee extension

65
Q

Complete abortion

A

Complete expulsion of all products of conception, empty uterus

66
Q

Incomplete abortion

A

Partial passage of products of conception. Need D&C.

67
Q

Inevitable abortion

A

Uterine bleeding with dilation of the cervix.

68
Q

Septic abortion

A

Any type of abortion with signs of infection

69
Q

Rib raising contraindication

A

Rib fracture

70
Q

Sympathetics to the respiratory system

A

T2-T7

71
Q

Time frame for surgical decompression to improve motor recovery

A

48 hours

72
Q

Signs of hypercalcemia

A

Nausea, vomiting, lethargy, AMS, depression, fatigue, acute dysrhythmias, QT interval shortening, PR interval prolongation

73
Q

Consequence of untreated milk-alkali syndrome

A

Acute renal failure

74
Q

Treatment of milk-alkali syndrome

A

Fluid replacement with NS followed by furosemide for calciuresis

75
Q

Criteria for massive PE

A

Hypotension: BP < 90/60

76
Q

Criteria for 1st degree heart block

A

PR interval >0.2 sec

77
Q

Dermatomyositis findings

A

Proximal muscle weakness and Gottron’s papules (papules on the bony prominences of the dorsum of the hand)

78
Q

Risk factors for PE

A

Age, immobility, previous hospitalization

79
Q

Virchow’s triad for PE

A
  • stasis (alterations in blood flow)
  • vascular endothelial injury
  • alterations in the constituents of the blood (hypercoagulable state)
80
Q

Duration of anticoagulation after PE

A

3 months

81
Q

Antidote for beta blocker overdose

A

Glucagon

82
Q

Antidote for cyanide toxicity

A

Amyl nitrate

83
Q

Antidote for disulfiram toxicity

A

Fomepizole

84
Q

Antidote for iron toxicity

A

Deferoxamine

85
Q

Antidote for methanol poisoning

A

Fomepizole

86
Q

Sarcoidosis lung findings

A

Non-caseating granulomas, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates

87
Q

Sarcoidosis lab findings

A

Elevated ACE, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria

88
Q

Treatment for sarcoidosis

A

Corticosteroids

89
Q

Findings in SLE

A 
Serositis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity, pulmonary fibrosis
Blood cells (cytopenias)
Renal disease, Raynauds
Antinuclear antibody
Immunologic (anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA)
Neuropsychological
Malar rash
Discoid rash
90
Q

Most likely vein to embolize to pulmonary vasculature

A

Superficial femoral

91
Q

Test for DeQuervain’s

A

Finkelstein test

92
Q

Tendons involved in DeQuervains’

A

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

93
Q

Treatment of choice for hydatidiform mole

A

D&C

94
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome symptoms

A

Xerophthalmia, xerostomia, arthritis

95
Q

Celiac sprue disease location

A

Small intestine

96
Q

Treatment of Paget’s disease of the bone

A

Zoledronic acid (bisphosphonates)

97
Q

High risk patients for endocarditis

A
  • Prosthetic valves
  • Hx of endocarditis
  • Congenital heart disease with unrepaired cyanotic disease
  • Congenital heart defect with prosthetic material within 6 months
  • Repair congenital heart defect with residual defect
  • Cardiac transplant
98
Q

Most common bacteria associated with ascending cholangitis

A

Escherichia coli

99
Q

Routine pneumococcal vaccination

A

Start at age 65 with PCV 13 followed by PPSV 23 1 year later

100
Q

ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome

A

Any 3 out of 5 traits:

  • Abdominal obesity
  • Serum triglycerides greater than or equal to 150 or treatment
  • Serum HDL less than 40 or treatment
  • BP greater than or equal to 130/85 or treatment
  • Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 100 or treatment
101
Q

Nutritional deficiency in burn patients

A

Chromium

102
Q

Nutritional deficiency with fragile hair, depigmented skin, ataxia, neuropathy, cognitive defecits, edema, osteoporosis

A

Copper

103
Q

Nutritional deficiency with diarrhea, hair loss, erythematous rash around mouth and anus

A

Zinc

104
Q

Nutritional deficiency with cretinism: mental handicap, deafness, mutism, hypotonia, umbilical hernia, puffy face, flattened nasal bridge, macroglossia

A

Iodine

105
Q

Nutritional deficiency with nausea, emesis, diarrhea, hair loss, nail changes, peripheral neuropathy, AMS

A

Selenium

106
Q

Treatment for ITP

A

Prednisone

107
Q

Lab findings in menopause

A
  • Decreased estrogen
  • Increased GnRH
  • Increased LH
  • Increased FSH
108
Q

Cause of diarrhea in Giardia

A

Decreased fat absorption

109
Q

Causes of rightward shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

A
  • acidosis
  • hyperthermia
  • increased 2,3 DPG
  • hypercapnia
110
Q

Causes of leftward shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

A
  • alkalosis
  • hypothermia
  • hypocapnia
  • methemoglobinemia
  • decreased 2,3 DPG
111
Q

Fertility treatment for PCOS

A

letrozole

112
Q

Treatment for heparin overdose

A

Protamine sulfate

113
Q

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase

A

Hairy cell leukemia

114
Q

Treatment for decompensated aortic stenosis

A

Nitroprusside and dobutamine

115
Q

Lab finding in CML

A

Very high WBCs

116
Q

Treatment for CML

A

Imatinib

117
Q

Treatment for acute coronary syndrome

A

Abciximab

118
Q

Second line treatment for CML

A

Busulfan

119
Q

Treatment for Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

Rituximab

120
Q

Treatment for HER-2 positive breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

121
Q

Lead poisoning blood level limit

A

5 mcg/dL

122
Q

Finding in hashimoto thyroiditis

A

Germinal centers

123
Q

HIDA scan indication

A

Equivocal or negative US

124
Q

Indication for ERCP

A

Choledocholithiasis or cholangitis

Comlex 3 (2 decks)

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