Board Prep Flashcards
1
Q
Localized impetigo tx
A
Topical mupirocin
2
Q
Widespread impetigo tx
A
Dicloxacillin or cephalexin PO
3
Q
Etanercept mechanism
A
Binds TNF-a (modified TNF-a receptor)
4
Q
Hantavirus x-ray findings
A
Diffuse interstitial edema
5
Q
Fusiform dilation of the common bile duct
A
Choledochal cyst
6
Q
Daily fevers, arthralgias, rash in peds
A
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
7
Q
Juvenile hyperferritinemia
A
JIA
8
Q
Diabetes diagnosis
A
Random glucose >200 + sx, fasting glucose >125 x2, OGT >200, A1c >6.5%
9
Q
Resectable pancreatic cancer finding
A
Involvement of gastroduodenal artery
10
Q
Site of osteosarcoma metastasis
A
Lungs
11
Q
Cranial nerves involved in poor suckling
A
IX, X, XII
12
Q
Site of nerve compression in poor suckling
A
Hypoglossal canal and jugular foramen
13
Q
Most sensitive test to detect carcinoma of the pancreatic head
A
ERCP
14
Q
Cause of posterior shoulder dislocations
A
Convulsions
15
Q
Arm position in anterior shoulder dislocation
A
Slightly abducted and externally rotated
16
Q
Workup for new thyroid nodule
A
TSH and ultrasound
17
Q
Finding in papillary thyroid cancer
A
Psammoma bodies
18
Q
Lab findings in ascending cholangitis
A
Leukocytosis, increased GGT, increased bili, increased alk phos
19
Q
Celiac disease blood test
A
tTG-IgA antibody titer and IgA endomysial antibody testing
20
Q
IgA deficiency risk
A
Anaphylaxis
21
Q
GDM screening time frame
A
Late second trimester
22
Q
Treatment for AUB
A
Estrogen, IV fluids, D&C
23
Q
Treatment of methemoglobinemia
A
Methylene blue
24
Q
Cause of methemoglobinemia
A
Excess nitrites in water (mountain water)
25
Treatment of psoriasis
UV light or immune modifying agents
26
Lab finding in excess laxative use
Hypokalemia, acidosis
27
Iron overload infection risks
Vibrio vulnificus and Yersinia enterocolitis
28
Traveler's diarrhea prophylaxis
Rifaximin 1st line, azithromycin 2nd line
29
Necrotizing fasciitis treatment
Obtain cultures, start broad spectrum Abx, surgical debridement in OR
30
Beta blocker overdose tx
Glucagon
31
Cyanide antidote
Amyl nitrate
32
Disulfiram antidote
Fomepizole
33
Iron toxicity
Deferoxamine (chelating agent)
34
Methanol antidote
Fomepizole
35
Aortoiliac disease sx
PAD sx plus buttock claudication, decreased femoral pulses, impotence
36
Epiglottitis causative organism
Strep pneumo in adults, H. flu in kids
37
Syringomyelia sx
Loss of pain and temperature sensation in a band-like distribution across upper extremities
38
Cause of syringomyelia
Arnold-Chiari malformation
39
Lofgren’s syndrome
Acute sarcoidosis
40
Secondary cause of hypertension in young women
Fibromuscular dysplasia leading to renal artery stenosis
41
Osler nodes
Tender, violaceous nodules on pads of fingers and toes
42
Janeway lesions
Nontender, erythematous macules on palmar and plantar surfaces of hands and feet
43
Test for Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Fasting gastrin level, followed by secretin suppression
44
Mechanism of Huntington disease
Atrophy of the caudate nucleus
45
Signs of urethral injury
Blood at the urethral meatus and a high rising prostate
46
Cullen’s sign
Edema/bruising near the umbilicus
47
Grey Turner sign
Bruising/discoloration of the flanks
48
EKG finding in WPW
Shortened P-R interval
49
WPW tachycardia tx
Procainamide
50
Arrhythmia associated with sudden cardiac death in WPW
Afib
51
Delayed complication associated with oral electrical burn
Labial artery bleeding
52
Type I error
Null hypothesis was incorrectly rejected
53
Type II error
Null hypothesis failed to be rejected
54
Liver condition associated with UC
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
55
Cancer associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Cholangiocarcinoma
56
Lab findings in ascending cholangitis
Leukocytosis, increased GGT, bilirubin, and alk phos
57
Hemorrhagic shock classes
Class I: <0.75 L
Class II: .75-1.5 L
Class III: 1.5-2.0 L
Class IV: >2 L
58
Side effects of gentamicin
Ototoxicity, ATN
59
Treatment of mild Crohn's
Steroids or 5-ASA
60
Treatment of moderate/severe Crohn's
TNF-alpha inhibitors (adalimumab) or other biologics +/- immunomodulators (methotrexate, azathioprine) vs steroids
61
Most common skin manifestation of ITP
Petechiae
62
High risk procedures for endocarditis
- Dental procedure with gingival/mucosal involvement
- Procedure penetrating infected skin or muscles
- Planned penetration of GI or GI structures
- Procedures penetrating the respiratory tract
- Procedures to place prosthetic heart valves or intravascular or intracardiac materials
63
Length of anticoagulation prior to cardioversion
3 weeks
64
Signs of patellofemoral syndrome
J sign, patellar crepitus with passive knee extension
65
Complete abortion
Complete expulsion of all products of conception, empty uterus
66
Incomplete abortion
Partial passage of products of conception. Need D&C.
67
Inevitable abortion
Uterine bleeding with dilation of the cervix.
68
Septic abortion
Any type of abortion with signs of infection
69
Rib raising contraindication
Rib fracture
70
Sympathetics to the respiratory system
T2-T7
71
Time frame for surgical decompression to improve motor recovery
48 hours
72
Signs of hypercalcemia
Nausea, vomiting, lethargy, AMS, depression, fatigue, acute dysrhythmias, QT interval shortening, PR interval prolongation
73
Consequence of untreated milk-alkali syndrome
Acute renal failure
74
Treatment of milk-alkali syndrome
Fluid replacement with NS followed by furosemide for calciuresis
75
Criteria for massive PE
Hypotension: BP < 90/60
76
Criteria for 1st degree heart block
PR interval >0.2 sec
77
Dermatomyositis findings
Proximal muscle weakness and Gottron's papules (papules on the bony prominences of the dorsum of the hand)
78
Risk factors for PE
Age, immobility, previous hospitalization
79
Virchow's triad for PE
- stasis (alterations in blood flow)
- vascular endothelial injury
- alterations in the constituents of the blood (hypercoagulable state)
80
Duration of anticoagulation after PE
3 months
81
Antidote for beta blocker overdose
Glucagon
82
Antidote for cyanide toxicity
Amyl nitrate
83
Antidote for disulfiram toxicity
Fomepizole
84
Antidote for iron toxicity
Deferoxamine
85
Antidote for methanol poisoning
Fomepizole
86
Sarcoidosis lung findings
Non-caseating granulomas, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates
87
Sarcoidosis lab findings
Elevated ACE, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria
88
Treatment for sarcoidosis
Corticosteroids
89
Findings in SLE
```
Serositis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity, pulmonary fibrosis
Blood cells (cytopenias)
Renal disease, Raynauds
Antinuclear antibody
Immunologic (anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA)
Neuropsychological
Malar rash
Discoid rash
```
90
Most likely vein to embolize to pulmonary vasculature
Superficial femoral
91
Test for DeQuervain's
Finkelstein test
92
Tendons involved in DeQuervains'
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
93
Treatment of choice for hydatidiform mole
D&C
94
Sjogren's syndrome symptoms
Xerophthalmia, xerostomia, arthritis
95
Celiac sprue disease location
Small intestine
96
Treatment of Paget's disease of the bone
Zoledronic acid (bisphosphonates)
97
High risk patients for endocarditis
- Prosthetic valves
- Hx of endocarditis
- Congenital heart disease with unrepaired cyanotic disease
- Congenital heart defect with prosthetic material within 6 months
- Repair congenital heart defect with residual defect
- Cardiac transplant
98
Most common bacteria associated with ascending cholangitis
Escherichia coli
99
Routine pneumococcal vaccination
Start at age 65 with PCV 13 followed by PPSV 23 1 year later
100
ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome
Any 3 out of 5 traits:
- Abdominal obesity
- Serum triglycerides greater than or equal to 150 or treatment
- Serum HDL less than 40 or treatment
- BP greater than or equal to 130/85 or treatment
- Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 100 or treatment
101
Nutritional deficiency in burn patients
Chromium
102
Nutritional deficiency with fragile hair, depigmented skin, ataxia, neuropathy, cognitive defecits, edema, osteoporosis
Copper
103
Nutritional deficiency with diarrhea, hair loss, erythematous rash around mouth and anus
Zinc
104
Nutritional deficiency with cretinism: mental handicap, deafness, mutism, hypotonia, umbilical hernia, puffy face, flattened nasal bridge, macroglossia
Iodine
105
Nutritional deficiency with nausea, emesis, diarrhea, hair loss, nail changes, peripheral neuropathy, AMS
Selenium
106
Treatment for ITP
Prednisone
107
Lab findings in menopause
- Decreased estrogen
- Increased GnRH
- Increased LH
- Increased FSH
108
Cause of diarrhea in Giardia
Decreased fat absorption
109
Causes of rightward shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
- acidosis
- hyperthermia
- increased 2,3 DPG
- hypercapnia
110
Causes of leftward shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
- alkalosis
- hypothermia
- hypocapnia
- methemoglobinemia
- decreased 2,3 DPG
111
Fertility treatment for PCOS
letrozole
112
Treatment for heparin overdose
Protamine sulfate
113
Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Hairy cell leukemia
114
Treatment for decompensated aortic stenosis
Nitroprusside and dobutamine
115
Lab finding in CML
Very high WBCs
116
Treatment for CML
Imatinib
117
Treatment for acute coronary syndrome
Abciximab
118
Second line treatment for CML
Busulfan
119
Treatment for Burkitt's lymphoma
Rituximab
120
Treatment for HER-2 positive breast cancer
Trastuzumab
121
Lead poisoning blood level limit
5 mcg/dL
122
Finding in hashimoto thyroiditis
Germinal centers
123
HIDA scan indication
Equivocal or negative US
124
Indication for ERCP
Choledocholithiasis or cholangitis
