Board Exam Flashcards
Res Ipsa Loquitur
Under normal conditions this event doesn’t occur unless someone acted negligently. The type of negligence falls within the scope of the defendants duty to the plaintiff.
Stark Law
Applies to physicians who refer Medicare and Medicaid patients to designated health services where they have a financial relationship.
Respondeat superior
Doctrine of Tort law that ultimately makes the superior liable for the wrongs committed by those under their supervision
EMTALA emergency medical treatment and labor act
Within the capabilities of the hospital and staff, the patient has the right to an appropriate medical exam, necessary stabilizing treatment for a medical emergency, or transfer to another facility regardless of type/ existence of medical insurance or ability to pay
AAA screening grade B
All men who have ever smoked age 65 to 75
Anxiety screening rec B
All persons age 64 and under, including pregnant and postpartum women
Minors 8-18
Aspirin in pregnancy Rec B
preventive medication after 12 weeks of gestation in persons who are at high risk for preeclampsia.
Asymptomatic bacteruria rec B
screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture in pregnancy
BRCA gene screening rec B
personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or who have an ancestry associated with breast cancer susceptibility 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) gene mutations with an appropriate brief familial risk assessment tool. Women with a positive result on the risk assessment tool should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, genetic testing
Breast cancer prev medication use
tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitors, to 35 yo + women who are at increased risk for breast cancer and at low risk for adverse medication effects.
Mammo rec B
Women age 40-74 every other year
Breastfeeding rec B
interventions during pregnancy and after birth to support breastfeeding
Cervical ca screening rec A
cervical cancer every 3 years with cervical cytology alone in women aged 21 to 29 years. For women aged 30 to 65 years, the USPSTF recommends screening every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 years with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV testing in combination with cytology (cotesting)
Cervical ca screening rec A
cervical cancer every 3 years with cervical cytology alone in women aged 21 to 29 years. For women aged 30 to 65 years, the USPSTF recommends screening every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 years with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV testing in combination with cytology (cotesting)
Chlamydia & Gonorrhea screening rec B
chlamydia in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection (esp pregnant women)
Colorectal cancer screening, Rec B & Rec A
B: Adults 45-49
A: Adults 50-75
Depression screening, Rec B
depression in the adult population, including pregnant and postpartum persons, as well as older adults
AND
adolescents 12-18
Falls prevention screening, Rec B
interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls
Folic acid, Rec A
all persons planning to or who could become pregnant take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 mcg) of folic acid.
Gestational Diabetes, Rec B
asymptomatic pregnant persons at 24 weeks of gestation or after
Behavioral counseling, Rec B
offering or referring adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors to behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity.
Weight gain in pregnancy, Rec B
clinicians offer pregnant persons effective behavioral counseling interventions aimed at promoting healthy weight gain and preventing excess gestational weight gain in pregnancy.
Hepatitis B screening, Rec B and Rec A
B: screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adolescents and adults at increased risk for infection
A: screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit
Hep C screening, Rec B
screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years
Hep C screening, Rec B
screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years
High BMI interventions, Rec B
adolescents 6 years or older with a high body mass index (BMI) (≥95th percentile for age and sex) to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions
HIV screening, Rec A
screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk of infection should also be screened
screen for HIV infection in all pregnant persons
HTN screening in adults, Rec A
screening for hypertension in adults 18 years or older with office blood pressure measurement (OBPM). The USPSTF recommends obtaining blood pressure measurements outside of the clinical setting for diagnostic confirmation before starting treatment
HTN screening in pregnancy, Rec B
hypertensive disorders in pregnant persons with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy
Screening for intimate partner violence, Rec B
screen for intimate partner violence (IPV) in women of reproductive age and provide or refer women who screen positive to ongoing support services
Latent TB screening, Rec B
screening for LTBI in populations at increased risk
Lung cancer screening, Rec B
annual screening for lung cancer with LDCT in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.
Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.
Ocular prophylaxis for Gonorrhea Ophthalmia Neonatorum
prophylactic ocular topical medication for all newborns to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
Osteoporosis screening in post menopausal women <65, Rec B
65+, Rec A
osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women younger than 65 years who are at increased risk of osteoporosis, as determined by a formal clinical risk assessment tool.
screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in women 65 years and older.
Perinatal Depression screening, Rec B
provide or refer pregnant and postpartum persons who are at increased risk of perinatal depression to counseling interventions
Prediabetes & T2DM screening, Rec B
screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adults aged 35 to 70 years who are overweight or obese. Clinicians should offer or refer patients with prediabetes to effective preventive interventions
PREP, Rec A
clinicians prescribe preexposure prophylaxis using effective antiretroviral therapy to persons who are at increased risk of HIV acquisition to decrease the risk of acquiring HIV
Prevention of dental caries in children <5 years, Rec B
primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation starting at age 6 months for children whose water supply is deficient in fluoride
Rh(D) screening in pregnant women, Rec A & Rec B
recommends Rh(D) blood typing and antibody testing for all pregnant women during their first visit for pregnancy-related care
Those at inc risk of STI, Rec B
behavioral counseling for all sexually active adolescents and for adults who are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs
Skin cancer screening, Rec B
counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer
Skin cancer screening, Rec B
counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer
Statin use, Rec B
prescribe a statin for the primary prevention of CVD for adults aged 40 to 75 years who have 1 or more CVD risk factors (i.e. dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking) and an estimated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of 10% or greater.
Screening for syphilis, Rec A
screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk for infection & pregnant women
Tobacco Cessation, Rec A
-clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions and FDA- approved pharmacotherapy for cessation to nonpregnant adults who use tobacco
-Behavioral interventions
Tobacco use school age children, Rec B
clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents
Alcohol use, Rec B
screening for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care settings in adults 18 years or older, including pregnant women, and providing persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking with brief behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use
Unhealthy drug use, Rec B
screening by asking questions about unhealthy drug use in adults age 18 years or older. Screening should be implemented when services for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate care can be offered or referred. (Screening refers to asking questions about unhealthy drug use, not testing biological specimens.)
Vision screening 6mo-5yrs, Rec B
vision screening at least once in all children aged 3 to 5 years to detect amblyopia or its risk factors.
Morbidity & mortality, Rec B
clinicians offer or refer adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions
Induration of >_5mm
People living w HIV
Recent contacts of people w infectious TB infxn
People w fibrotic changes on a CXR
Pts w organ transplants
Immunosuppressed pts (prednisone 15mg+ or TNF alpha antagonists)
Induration of >_10mm
Those born in countries where TB is common
Those who misuse drugs & EtOH
Those in high risk congregate settings (nursing homes)
TB lab workers
Kids <5 yo
Children exposed to adults in high risk congregate settings
Those with conditions that place them at high risk (DM, severe kidney dz, ca, etc)
Induration of >_15mm
Those w no known risk factors for TB
Bipolar I vs Bipolar II
I: full severe manic episode
No depressive disorder
Psychosis more common
II: hypomanic episodes
must have major depressive disorder
Excess spending, hypersexuality, dec need for sleep
