BNF questions Flashcards
What is the oral loading regimen for amiodarone?
200mg TDS for 7 days, 200mg BD for 7 days, 200mg OD maintenance
Outline amiodarone monitoring requirements
LFTs, thyroid function every 6months, K+ before treatment, chest Xray before treatment
How does amiodarone and warfarin interact?
Amiodarone inhibits warfarin metabolism. Leads to enhanced anticoagulant effect
How do amiodarone and beta blockers interact?
Increased risk of bradycardia, AV block and myocardiac depression
How does amiodarone and digoxin interact?
Plasma concentration of digoxin is increased by amiodarone. Need to half dose.
What is the desired serum concentration of digoxin?
1-2mcg/L
Changes in what electrolyte increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
Potassium - hypokalemia increases risk of toxicity
What is the desired serum concentration of phenytoin?
10-20mg/L
Carbamazepine = enzyme inducer or inhibitor?
Inducer
Phenytoin = enzyme inducer or inhibitor?
Inducer
Ciprofloxacin = enzyme inducer or inhibitor?
inhibitor
Rifampicin = enzyme inducer or inhibitor?
Inducer
Clarithromycin = enzyme inducer or inhibitor?
Inhibitor
Smoking = enzyme inducer or inhibitor?
Inducer
Fluconazole = enzyme inducer or inhibitor?
Inhibitor
Pseudoephedrine and MAOI leads to what?
Hypertensive crisis
What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?
Variable rate insulin infusion
Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
How does heparin induced hyperkalemia occur?
Inhibition of aldosterone secretion by heparin can result in hyperkalemia
Atypical antipsychotics are associated with a higher risk of what in elderly patients? Give two examples of atypical antipsychotics
Increased risk of cerebrovascular events i.e. stroke.
Halloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine
Extrapyrimidal side effects and withdrawal syndrome are reported to the MHRA more commonly with X than with other SSRIs
Paroxetine
Sumatripan should be avoidedin patients with what co-morbidity?
Should not be used in IHD or angina
What action should you take if a patient develops a rash with lamotrigine?
Consider withdrawal if rash or signs of hypersensitivity syndrome develop.
Why are non-ergot derived dopmaine receptor agonists preferred?
Ergot-derived dopamine receptor agonists bromocriptine,f carergoline have been associated with pulmondary retroperitoneal and pericardial fibrotic reactions.
Rare flucloxacillin side effect involving the liver…
Very rarely cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis may occur up to several weeks after treatment has been stopped.
