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BNF - Antibiotics Flashcards

0
Q

ABx for severe campylobacter enteritis?

Or in immunocompromised

A

Clarithromycin
Or
Ciprofloxacin

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1
Q

ABx for severe/invasive salmonella?

Or in immunocompromised

A

Ciprofloxacin
Or
Cefotaxime

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2
Q

ABx for severe shigellosis?

A

Ciprofloxacin
Or
Azithromycin

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3
Q

ABx for typhoid fever?

A

Cefotaxime

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4
Q

ABx for C. diff - first episode of mild/moderate severity?

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

ABx for C. diff - second/subsequent/severe/refractory infection?

A

Vancomycin

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6
Q

ABx for C. diff - vanc-refractory/life-threatening/ileus?

A

Oral vancomycin + IV metronidazole

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7
Q

ABx for biliary tract infection?

A 
Ciprofloxacin
Or
Gentamicin
Or
Cephalosporin
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8
Q

ABx for peritonitis?

A 
Cephalosporin + metronidazole
Or
Gentamicin + metronidazole
Or
Gentamicin + clindamycin
Or
Piperacillin with tazobactam
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9
Q

ABx for PD associated peritonitis?

A

Vancomycin + ceftazidime

Added to PD fluid

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10
Q

Initial ABx for suspected bacterial endocarditis?

A

Native valve: amoxicillin
Consider adding gentamicin
Penallerg/MRSA susp/severe sepsis - vancomycin + low dose gentamicin
Severe sepsis w/G-ve RFs - vancomycin + meropenem

Prosthetic valve: vancomycin + rifampicin + low-dose gentamicin

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11
Q

Initial ABx for suspected bacterial endocarditis?

A

Native valve: amoxicillin
Consider adding gentamicin
Penallerg/MRSA susp/severe sepsis - vancomycin + low dose gentamicin
Severe sepsis w/G-ve RFs - vancomycin + meropenem

Prosthetic valve: vancomycin + rifampicin + low-dose gentamicin

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12
Q

ABx for HACEK organisms?

A

Amoxicillin + low-dose gentamicin
Or
Ceftriaxone + low-dose gentamicin (if resistant)

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13
Q

HACEK organisms?

A 
Haemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
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14
Q

ABx for Hib epiglottitis?

A

Cefotaxime

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15
Q

ABx for AECOPD?

A 
Amoxicillin
Or
Tetracycline
Or
Clarithromycin
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16
Q

ABx for low-severity CAP?

A 
Amoxicillin
Or
Doxycycline
Or
Clarithromycin
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17
Q

ABx for moderate-severity CAP?

A

Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin
Or
Doxycycline alone

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18
Q

ABx for severe CAP?

A

Benzylpenicillin + Clarithromycin
Or
Benzylpenicillin + Doxycycline

If life-threatening/G-ve suspected/co-morbidities/nursing home resident:
Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
Or
Cefuroxime/cefotaxime + clarithromycin

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19
Q

ABx for suspected atypical pneumonia?

A

Clarithromycin (+ rifampicin if severe legionella)
Or
Quinolone (alternative for legionella)
Or
Doxycycline (alternative for chlamydia/mycoplasma)

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20
Q

ABx for early onset HAP?

A

Co-amoxiclav
Or
Cefuroxime

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21
Q

ABx for late onset HAP?

A 
Antipseudomonal (eg. Co-amoxiclav)
Or
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin (eg. ceftazidime)
Or
Antipseudomonal beta-lactam
Or
Quinolone (eg. Ciprofloxacin)
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22
Q

ABx for late onset HAP?

A 
Antipseudomonal (eg. Co-amoxiclav)
Or
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin (eg. ceftazidime)
Or
Antipseudomonal beta-lactam
Or
Quinolone (eg. Ciprofloxacin)
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23
Q

Cut-off for early vs late HAP?

A

Early: 5 days

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24
Cut-off for early vs late HAP?
Early: 5 days
25
ABx for empirical treatment of suspected meningitis?
``` In the community: Benzylpenicillin Or Cefotaxime Or Chloramphenicol + urgent transfer to hospital ``` In hospital, aetiology unknown: 3 months - 50 years: Cefotaxime 50+ years: Cefotaxime + amoxicillin (In both, consider adding vancomycin if multiple previous ABx use or travel to areas with pen/ceph resistance)
26
ABx for meningococcal meningitis?
``` Benzylpenicillin Or Cefotaxime Or Chloramphenicol ```
27
ABx for pneumococcal meningitis?
Cefotaxime If pen-sensitive, switch to benzylpenicillin If pen/ceph resistant, add vancomycin ± rifampicin
28
ABx for Haemophilus influenzae meningitis?
Cefotaxime Or Chloramphenicol (Treat contacts
29
ABx for Listeria meningitis?
Amoxicillin + gentamicin Or Co-trimoxazole
30
ABx for acute pyelonephritis?
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin Or Quinolone
31
ABx for acute prostatitis?
``` Ciprofloxacin Or Ofloxacin Or Trimethoprim ```
32
ABx for UTI?
``` Trimethoprim Or Nitrofurantoin Or Amoxicillin Or Cephalosporin ```
33
ABx for bacterial vaginosis?
Metronidazole (oral/topical) Or Topical clindamycin
34
ABx for uncomplicated genital chlamydial infection?
``` Azithromycin (single dose) Or Doxycycline (7 days) Or Erythromycin (14 days) ``` (+ contact tracing and assessment/treatment)
35
ABx for non-gonococcal urethritis/non-specific genital infection?
``` Azithromycin Or Doxycycline Or Erythromycin ```
36
ABx for uncomplicated gonorrhoea?
Azithromycin + I/M ceftriaxone (both single dose) | + contact tracing and assessment/treatment
37
ABx for pharyngeal gonorrhoea?
Same as genital Single dose azithromycin + I/M ceftriaxone (+ contact tracing and assessment/treatment)
38
ABx for pelvic inflammatory disease?
Doxycycline + metronidazole + I/M ceftriaxone Or Ofloxacin + metronidazole (+ contact tracing and assessment/treatment)
39
ABx for pelvic inflammatory disease?
Doxycycline + metronidazole + I/M ceftriaxone Or Ofloxacin + metronidazole (+ contact tracing and assessment/treatment)
40
ABx for syphilis infection?
Benzathine benzylpenicillin Or Doxycycline (+ contact tracing and assessment/treatment) Asymptomatic contacts treated with doxycycline
41
ABx for syphilis infection?
Benzathine benzylpenicillin Or Doxycycline (+ contact tracing and assessment/treatment) Asymptomatic contacts treated with doxycycline
42
ABx for septicaemia?
Broad-spectrum antipseudomonal penicillin (piperacillin with tazobactam/ticarcillin with clavulanic acid) Or Broad-spectrum cephalosporin (eg. cefuroxime) ?MRSA - add vancomycin ?anaerobic - add metronidazole ?resistant - switch to meropenem
43
ABx for line-related septicaemia?
Vancomycin If G-ve suspected add broad-spectrum antipseudomonal beta-lactam eg. Tazocin/ticarcillin w/clav/meropenem Consider removal of line
44
ABx for meningococcal septicaemia?
``` Benzylpenicillin Or Cefotaxime Or Chloramphenicol ```
45
ABx for osteomyelitis?
Specialist advice if chronic or involving prostheses Flucloxacillin (± rifampicin) Or Clindamycin (± rifampicin) ?MRSA - Vancomycin (± rifampicin)
46
ABx for septic arthritis?
Seek specialist advice if prosthesis involved Flucloxacillin Or Clindamycin ?MRSA - Vancomycin ?gonococcal/G-ve - Cefotaxime
47
ABx for septic arthritis?
Seek specialist advice if prosthesis involved Flucloxacillin Or Clindamycin ?MRSA - Vancomycin ?gonococcal/G-ve - Cefotaxime
48
ABx for purulent conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol eye drops
49
ABx for beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin Or Clarithromycin AVOID amoxicillin if possibility of glandular fever
50
ABx for persistent, purulent or severe sinusitis?
``` Amoxicillin Or Doxycycline Or Clarithromycin ```
51
ABx for non-purulent conjunctivitis?
NONE
52
ABx for pharyngitis?
``` NONE, unless: Hx of valvular heart disease Marked systemic upset Peritonsillar abscess Infection risk (immunocompromised, CF) ```
53
ABx for sinusitis
NONE, unless: Persistent (>7/7) with purulent discharge Or Severe symptoms
54
ABx for otitis externa?
Flucloxacillin Or Clarithromycin ?pseudomonas - ciprofloxacin
55
ABx for otitis media?
``` NONE, unless: Child w/Sx unimproved for >3d Deterioration Systemically unwell Infection risk (immunocompromised, CF) Mastoiditis Child ```
56
ABx for impetigo, small area affected?
Local advice Topical fusidic acid ?MRSA - mupirocin
57
ABx for impetigo, widespread?
Flucloxacillin ?strep - add phenoxymethylpenicillin Or Clarithromycin
58
ABx for erysipelas?
``` Phenoxymethylpenicillin Or Benzylpenicillin Or Clindamycin OR Clarithromycin ```
59
ABx for cellulitis?
``` Flucloxacillin (high dose) ?anaerobes/G-ve - broad spectrum Or Clindamycin Or Clarithromycin Or Vancomycin ```
60
ABx for bites (animal/human)?
``` Co-amoxiclav Or Doxycycline Or Metronidazole ```

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