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BMSC 207 > BMSC 207 Nervous System 3 > Flashcards

BMSC 207 Nervous System 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gray matter

A

Consists of Unmyelinated somas, dendrites and axons.

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2
Q

White matter

A

Mainly Myelinated.

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3
Q

Spinal cord

A

Major pathways for information back and forth between brain, skin, and muscles.

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4
Q

Spinal Cord (divided into 4 regions)

A

Cervical - 8
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5

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5
Q

Function of Gray matter

A

Consists of sensory and motor nuclei - Controls movement, memory, and emotions

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6
Q

Function of White matter

A

In spinal cord, consists of tracts of axons carrying information from the brain - Helps body process information

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7
Q

Ascending Tracts

A

Carry sensory information to the brain
Dorsal and External lateral

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8
Q

Descending tracts

A

carry commands to motor neurons.
Ventral and Interior lateral

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9
Q

Nuclei

A

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

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10
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of cell bodies in PNS

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11
Q

Somatic SENSORY nuclei

A

Afferent (in)

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12
Q

Somatic MOTOR nuclei

A

Efferent (out)

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13
Q

Spinal Reflex

A

Spinal Cord can act as the integrating center to initiate response to stimulus without receiving input from brain

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14
Q

Brain

A

Brain: 1400g, 1.4 Kg
85 billion neurons, many containing
thousands of synapses

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15
Q

Brain Divisions (6 divisions)

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
(Midbrain, Pons, Medulla apart of brainstem)

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16
Q

Midbrain (brain stem)

A

Eye Movement, contains the substantia nigra.

17
Q

Pons (brain stem)

A

Relay station between cerebrum and cerebellum
Assists Medulla in breathing

18
Q

Medulla

A

Controls of involuntary functions - Breathing and Sends signals to hearts
Consists of white matter.
Contains Vomiting center, Swallowing, Coughing, Sneezing, Hiccups.

19
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Important for consciousness, arousal, attention and alertnesss.
It is inactivated during sleep, damage can induce coma.

20
Q

Cerebellum

A

Regulates posture and balance.
Processes sensory information related to movement and coordinates execution of movement.

21
Q

Diencephalon

A

Lies between Brain stem and cerebrum.
Two primary structures: Thalamus and hypothalamus.
Two Endocrine structures:
Pineal Gland and Pituitary gland.

22
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center.
Recovers sensory info from optic tract, ears, spinal cord and relays it to sensory areas.

23
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Cyclically releases melatonin involved in sleep.

24
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Helps maintain blood glucose concentrations
Maintains body temp.
Controls body osmolarity.
Controls food intake.

25
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Posterior is Neural Tissue
Anterior is Endocrine Tissue
Controls growth, Metabolism, and reproduction.

26
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest and most distinctive part of brain.

Controls muscle function, speech, thought, emotions, reading, and writing.

27
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Major job is regulating the initiation and termination of movement.
Receives signals from cerebral cortex, and provides output to motor proteins.

28
Q

Limbic System

A

Plays a primary role in a range of emotions, including pain, pleasure, docility, affection, and anger.
Also believed to play a role in Learning and Memory

29
Q

Cerebral Cortex

3 choices

A

Outermost layer of cerebrum
1. sensory areas (translate sensory input into perception)
2. Motor Areas (direct skeletal muscle movement)
3. Association Areas (integrate information from sensory and motor areas and help direct voluntary behaviors and deal with complex integrative functions.

30
Q

4 Lobes in the brain

A

Frontal Lobe - Skeletal muscle movement
Parietal Lobe - Sensory cortex, sensory association.
Occipital Lobe - Vision
Temporal Lobe - Hearing

31
Q

3 Sensory Neurons

A
  1. Simple receptor - Free nerve endings. Pain, Itch, Temperature.
  2. Complex Neural Receptors - Nerve endings enclosed in connective layer tissue (touch/Proprioceptors)
  3. Special sense Receptors - release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons, have special hair cells
31
Q

4 Types of Receptors

A
  1. Chemoreceptors - blood chemoreceptors, Nociceptors, hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons, taste and cells
  2. Mechanoreceptors - touch, proprioceptors, nociceptors, hair cells, balance.
  3. Photoreceptors - Vision (rods and cones)
  4. Thermoreceptors - Thermal receptors, Nociceptors.
32
Q

Mechanically gated channels

A

Opens when a mechanical force is applied such as pressure, vibration, soundwaves.

33
Q

Somatosensory Neuron brings information to _________?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

BMSC 207 (5 decks)

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