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2052 > BMS2052 - PRAC EXAM > Flashcards

BMS2052 - PRAC EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Micrococcus luteus (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A 
round, smooth, yellow
Gram positive
cocci
tetrad / triskelion / clusters
urease positive, catalase positive, obligate aerobe colonises upper resp tract
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2
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A 
round, smooth, concave, dark green
Gram positive
cocci
Chains
alpha haemolysis
capsular, pathogenic, facultative anaerobe
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3
Q

Clostridium sporogenes (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A

filamentous, white, raised, irregular, concentric
Gram positive
bacillus
random arrangement
spore forming, obligate anaerobe, terminal spores, symbiont

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4
Q

Proteus vulgaris (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A 
smooth, round and complex, clear, flat
Gram negative
bacillus
random concentric rings
motile, catalase positive, facultative anaerobe
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5
Q

Klebsiella species (Gram stain, shape, features)

A

Gram negative
bacillus
capsule, facultative anaerobe, lactose fermenting, catalase positive

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6
Q

Bacillus cereus (Gram stain, shape, features)

A

Gram positive
bacillus
beta haemolysis, motile, central spore forming, facultative anaerobe

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7
Q

Mycobacterium species (Gram stain, shape, features)

A 
No gram classification
bacillus
mycolic acid cell wall
aerobic
LJ medium
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8
Q

Vibrio natrigens

A 
Gram negative
bacillus
requires 2% salt for growth
brain heart infusion
motile
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9
Q

S. aureus sensitivities and resistances

A

Vancomycin and Tetracycline S

Methicillin R in MRSA

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10
Q

S. aureus biochemical features

A

Gram positive, cocci, catalase positive, Lac positive

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11
Q

S. aureus in MSA, HBA and MAC

A

MSA: yellow colonies
HBA O2: alpha haemolysis
MAC O2: pink (lactase positive)

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12
Q

S. aureus virulence

A 
capsule
alpha toxin
adhesins
coagulase
hyaluronidase
caratinoid pigment
plasmids for Ab resistance
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13
Q

S. aureus diseases

A 
pnemonia
meningitis
toxic shock syndrome
sepsis
boils, pimples
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14
Q

S. aureus treatment

A

vancomycin

tetracycline

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15
Q

S. aureus habitat and conditions

A

respiratory tract, skin, 37deg, aerobic

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16
Q

S. pneumoniae symptoms

A

shortness of breath, chest pain

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17
Q

S. pneumoniae details

A

gram positive
cocci
catalase negative
optochin sensitive

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18
Q

S. pneumoniae media

A

facultative anaerobe
HBA O2: alpha haemolysis (aerobic) or beta haemolysis (anaerobic)
CBA CO2: gram pos
MAC O2: no growth

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19
Q

S. pneumoniae virulence

A

capsule
H2O2
apoptosis of dendritic cells
enzymes and shield mechanisms

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20
Q

S. pneumoniae disease

A

pneumoniae
ear infections
meningitis
bacteremia

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21
Q

S. pneumoniae treatment and prevention

A

pneumococcal vaccines; penicillin

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22
Q

S. pneumoniae reservoir

A

nasopharyngeal region
sinus
respiratory tract
may be part of normal flora

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23
Q

S. pyogenes symptoms

A

red rash and fever with high temperature

pus from cut

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24
Q

S. pyogenes details

A

gram positive
cocci
catalase negative
aerobic

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25
Q

S. pyogenes media

A

HBA O2: beta haemolysis
MAC O2: no growth
HBA with bacitracin disk: sensitive

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26
Q

S. pyogenes virulence

A 
protease
toxins
DNase
erythrogenic (causes rash)
hyaluronic acid
invasins
exotoxins
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27
Q

S. pyogenes disease

A

scarlet fever
rheumatic fever
respiratory diseases
necrosis of muscles

normal flora but pathogenic

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28
Q

S. pyogenes prevention and treatment

A

penicillin

streptomycin

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29
Q

S. enterobacter symptoms

A

cramps, nausea, diarrhoea

30
Q

S. enterobacter details

A

gram negative
rod
motile
facultative anaerobe

31
Q

S. enterobacter media

A

MAC O2: beige colonies, lac-, oxidase neg

XLD O2: red colonies with black centres

32
Q

S. enterobacter virulence

A 
inflammatory responses
acidic resistance
motility
intracellular invasion
T3SS
LPS
siderophores
33
Q

S. enterobacter diseases

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

salmonella

34
Q

S. enterobacter treatment

A

cook poultry better

not overly dangerous

35
Q

V. cholerae symptoms

A

water diarrhoea with no odour, vomiting, stomach cramps, dehydration, dry mucous membranes

36
Q

V. cholerae details

A 
gram negative
facultative anaerobe
alpha haemolysis
motile (one flagellum)
pili
oxidase pos
comma shape
lac -
37
Q

V. cholerae virulence

A 
cholera toxin
invasins
cAMP activators, causing ion efflux
flagellated
VPI pathogenicity islands
38
Q

V. cholerae disease

A 
dehydration
shock
death in extreme cases
renal failure
metabolic acidosis
39
Q

V. cholerae treatment

A 
vaccine
antitoxin
bottled / boiled water
avoid raw foods
rehydration
doxycycline
40
Q

V. cholerae media

A

MAC O2: beige colonies, lac-

TSBS: yellow colonies (V. cholerae)

41
Q

M. tuberculosis symptoms

A 
blood sputum
rapid weight loss
fever
night sweats
lung: cavitating lesion (implicating shortness of breath)
42
Q

M. tuberculosis details

A

gram positive rod in singles or pairs
acid fast (mycolic acid) - so A/F stain best
aerobic

43
Q

M. tuberculosis media

A

LJ media: 21 days

44
Q

M. tuberculosis virulence

A

mycolic acid cell wall binds to macrophages
inhabits alveolar cells
prevents maturation of phagosomes

45
Q

M. tuberculosis disease

A

tuberculosis

lung infections and diseases

46
Q

M. tuberculosis treatment

A

drug regime and vaccinations (BCG)

mantoux test: test for immunity against TB

47
Q

Actions of V. cholerae in the gastrointestinal tract

A

Cholera toxin is an A-B toxin targeted to enterocytes
ADP-ribosylation event of G-protein, causing unrestricted activation
Increase in cellular cAMP causes ion efflux and water diarrhoea

48
Q

Mode of transmittance of V. cholerae

A

Contamination of water or food
Raw or undercooked seafood
Rare direct person-to-person contact

49
Q

M. tuberculosis transmission

A

Airborne dust particles / fomites from affected individual’s cough

50
Q

B. anthracis features

A 
gram positive
spore forming
rod 
spread through blood
grown in nutrient medium
facultative anaerobe
cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal methods
51
Q

B. pertussis virulence factors

A 
pertussis toxin (disrupts phagocytic activity)
adenylate cyclase (reduction of phagocytic activity)
tracheal cytotoxin (paralysis of ciliated cells)
filamentous haemagglutinin (adherence to ciliated cells)
pertactin (attachment to airway linings)
Lipid A + Lipid X = fever
Lipid X + O-antigen = severe immune response

Adherence to respiratory epithelial cells -> paralysis of cilia
– mucus buildup and inflammation

52
Q

B. pertussis treatment

A

azithromycin
erythromycin
clarithromycin
DTwP or DTaP

53
Q

C. difficile treatment and description

A

vancomycin / metronidazole

gram positive, strict anaerobe, rod

54
Q

C. difficile virulence

A 
AB toxin
enteric cytotoxin
capsule
adhesins
flagella
55
Q

T. pallidum morphology

A

gram negative
spirochete
flagella
microaerophilic

56
Q

T. pallidum primary, secondary, late stage

A

sores
lesions
organ damage and cerebral damage

57
Q

T. pallidum diagnosis / testing

A

non-treponemal antigen tests: RPR, VDRL

treponemal antigen tests: FTA-ABS, MHA-Tp

58
Q

C. perfringens details

A

gram positive, spores, rod, non motile, strict anaerobe, toxin producing

59
Q

C. perfringens disease

A

food poisoning in humans

gas gangrene in animals

60
Q

C. perfringens virulence

A

alpha-phospholipase (lecithinase)

61
Q

C. perfringens diagnosis

A

nagler test (egg yolk agar)

62
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae details

A

gram positive, clubhead shaped, non motile, fac anaerobe, commensal flora unless lysogenic strain

63
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae transmission

A

respiratory droplets in the air

64
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae vaccine / testing

A

DTaP or DTwP
Schick Test for immunity
erythromycin

65
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolation

A

Loeffler’s Agar Slant
Media rich in cysteine tellurite
trinsdale agar

66
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae diagnosis

A

ELEK test

67
Q

B. pertussis stages

A

catarrhal
paroxysmal
convalescent

68
Q

B. pertussis details

A

gram negative
strict aerobe
small

69
Q

B. pertussis incubation

A

Bordet-Gengou (potato, peptic digest, glycerol, sheep blood, NaCl)
– fastidious (inhibited by waste products and fatty acids)

70
Q

B. pertussis disease

A

pneumonia, epistaxis, otitis media

2052 (2 decks)

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