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bms final > bms final > Flashcards

bms final Flashcards

1
Q

dendrites:

A

receive input from other nerves

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2
Q

when dendrites receive input from other nerves…

A

action potential is sent

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3
Q

synapse

A

where 2 nerves meet but don’t directly touch

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4
Q

myelin

A

wraps nerves and moves messages quicker, but niot all nerves have it

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5
Q

nerves shift between 2 states

A

resting potential and action potential

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6
Q

resting potential:

A

doesn’t have to be passing messages all the time
could be making ATP and preparing to divide
doesn’t have to always be electrically active
ready for action potential
-70 milivolts

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7
Q

in resting potential what ions are charged

A

sodium and potassium

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8
Q

action potential process

A

dendrites->cell body->axon->synapse

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9
Q

action potential ion channels

A

lets sodium through but not potassium

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10
Q

during resting potential where is most of the sodium

A

outside the cell, potassium is mostly inside

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11
Q

action potential millivolts

A

-55

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12
Q

ion channels cannot be where _____ is

A

myelin, must be where myelin is not

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13
Q

CNS

A

brain, spinal cord

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14
Q

PNS

A

everything else is peripheral nervous system

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15
Q

2 brain hemispheres

A

corpus collosum, wrinkles and folds on surface

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16
Q

corpus collosum

A

middle of the brain where it can crossover

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17
Q

wrinkles + skin folds on surface

A

increased surface area + fit more nerves

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18
Q

receptors

A

allows stimuli to be recognized, signal is sent to nerve then brain

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19
Q

human senses

A

hearing, sight,taste,smell,touch

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20
Q

hearing:

A

receptors receive waves of pressure

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21
Q

eardrum

A

moves back and forth when hit by waves

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22
Q

ossicles

A

3 small bones in middle ear

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23
Q

what are the 3 small bones in the middle ear

A

hammer, anvil, strip

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24
Q

cochlea

A

filled with fluid and hair cells, when fluids moves around it moves the hair cells which generate an action potential

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25
Q

Eustachia tube

A

from inner ear to back of throat, periodically opens and closes and allows the ear to repressurize so middle parts at atmospheric pressure

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26
Q

compound eyes

A

insects, spiders

27
Q

Camera eyes

A

Humans, dogs,cats, zoo animals

28
Q

compound eyes

A

have lens and photoreceptors but many little eye units, good for a wide view but its pixelated which makes it easy to see when something moves

29
Q

camera eyes

A

light comes in from one location

30
Q

sclera

A

white of eye, blocks light, protective and has tough connective tissue

31
Q

pupil

A

hole in eye (black tiny dot)

32
Q

cornea

A

clear layer to protect pupil and let light through

33
Q

iris

A

colored part of the eye to adjust amount of light entering

34
Q

lens

A

focus light to photoreceptors in back of the eye

35
Q

retina

A

back of the eye that hold photreceptors

36
Q

fovea

A

where photoreceptors are most densely located in retina

37
Q

rods

A

low wavelength light (dim light), grayscale aspects of vision

38
Q

cones

A

color vision, higher wavelength, mostly active during the day

39
Q

optic nerve

A

a bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the retina at the back of the eye to the brain

40
Q

taste is ___

A

Gustation

41
Q

Smell is___

A

Olfaction

42
Q

Taste and smell both use ____

A

Chemoreceptors

43
Q

components of taste

A

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, savory

44
Q

pain

A

chemicals leak and tell nerves something need to be fixed

45
Q

Hydrostatic

A

jellyfish, sea animals, allow some moment like a water balloon on the inside, meant to help fight current

46
Q

hinge joints

A

flex and extension (elbow and knee)

47
Q

ball and sack joints

A

can twist, 360 range of motion (hips and shoulders)

48
Q

4 muscle contractions and relaxation

A

primary proteins (actin and myosin), accessories proteins, calcium, ATP

49
Q

synapse acetylcholine

A

chemical muscles will respond to tellsit to release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum

50
Q

accessory proteins move from____ when ____ is present, myosin ear now binds to actin

A

actin , calcium

51
Q

endocrine system

A

types of hormones you can make and how cells respond

52
Q

glands

A

produce hormones and place them in circulation

53
Q

types of hormones

A

amino acid based, protein based , lipid base

54
Q

alertness/metabolic activity

A

thyroid glands (thyroxine )

55
Q

goiter

A

very large enlargemnt of thyroid gland

56
Q

calcium

A

thyroid gland- calcitonin

57
Q

parathyroid hormones

A

take calcium from bones

58
Q

osteoporosis

A

not enough calcium from diet, it takes from bones and weakens them

59
Q

pancreas : insulin

A

insulin takes glucose and puts some in storage, glucose uses some to make ATP

60
Q

pancreas glucagon

A

breaks glycogen into glucoses

61
Q

immunity

A

general responses, two things trying to invade, always the same, adaptive/acquires responses, after 2-3 times after having something new immune system will be able to protect from it

62
Q

what cells does immunity have

A

B cells and T cells

63
Q

what do B cells do

A

make antibodies

64
Q

what do T cells do

A

Protect from immune diseases

bms final (1 decks)

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