BMS

Question 1

Kidney response to acidosis:

Answer 1

• Secreting H+ ions
• Remvoing Co2
• Reabsorbing Hco3- to help replenish the bicarbonate reserve

Question 2

Structure of the ovaries:

Answer 2

• Ovarian cortex: Contains ovarian follicles
• Ovarian medulla: Contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
• Ovarian follicles: Consist of oocytes and and associated cells
  A muture follicle expels a secondary oocyte by a progress called ovulation
  Corpus Luteum: Develops from the remnants of an ovulated follicle
  Produces progesterone, oestrogens and inhibin
  Degenerates into a corpus albicans

Question 3

Oogenesis:

Answer 3

Occurs in the ovaries. Results in the formation of a single haploid secondary oocyte
Involves mitosis, meiosis and differentiation
Involves uneven cell divisions (polar bodies)

Question 4

Folicular stages:

Answer 4

Primordial - Primary - Secondary - Graafian - Ovulation

Question 5

Oviducts:

Answer 5

Not directly connected to the ovaries. Usually the site of fertilisation.

Question 6

Uterine wall is made up of 3 layers:

Answer 6

Endometrium - Epithelial layer, myometrium,- Smooth muscle. perimetrium - serous membrane

Question 7

Mammary glands:

Answer 7

Nipple
Areola
Lactiferous ducts - Releases milk through the nipple
Mammary glands: Synthesis of milk, secretion and ejection of milk, which constitute lactation

Question 8

Scrotum response to cool temperature:

Answer 8

Muscles contract to pull testes close to the body and to decrease scrotum surface area.

Warm temp - Muscles relax to pull testes away from the body and increase scrotum surface area.

Question 9

Cell types in testes:

Answer 9

Spermatogenic cells: Begin sperm at puberty
Sertoli: Nourish spermatogenic cells
Leydig cells: Secrete testosterone

Question 10

Gonadotropin-relaeasing hormone:

Answer 10

Stimulates secretion of leutinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

Question 11

LH:

Answer 11

Stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone

Question 12

FSH:

Answer 12

Stimulates sertoli cells to secrete androgen binding protein

Question 13

Reproductive ducts in males:

Answer 13

Ducts of testis: Seminiferous tubules

Epididymis: Site of sperm maturation and storage

Ductus deferens: Storage and reabsorption of sperm

Question 14

Fertilisation:

Answer 14

Fertilisation normally occurs
In the ampulla of the uterine tube (when the oocyte is about one-third of the way down the tube to the uterus)
Within 12 to 24 hours after ovulation
(Oocyte usually dies in 24 hours)

To fertilise an oocyte, a sperm must penetrate the

• corona radiata
• zona pellucida
• oocyte plasma membrane

Sperm push between the granulosa cells remaining around the oocyte (corona radiata)

Question 15

How is the zygote formed?

Answer 15

Sperm entry, triggers the oocyte to complete meiosis II, producing the
- Second polar body
- Female pronucleus
Once inside the oocyte, most of the sperm breaks down, leaving a male pronucleus
Fusion of the male & female haploid pronuclei is the true moment of fertilization
Fertilised ovum (2n) is called a zygote