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ANSI 3543E - Lessons 4-6 > BMS 336 - Vitamin and Minerals > Flashcards

BMS 336 - Vitamin and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q
  • “Night Blindness” or nyctalopia
  • stunted bones
  • malformed bones
  • malformed fetus
  • poor reproduction
  • caged birds: white plaques around nares, eyes, “Bumble Foot”
  • turtles: swollen eyelids
  • cattle: blind newborn calf
A

Vitamin A Deficiency

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2
Q
  • cats: too much liver in diet
  • cattle: “Hyena disease”
  • winter hay diet leads to deficiency
A

Vitamin A Toxicity

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3
Q
  • “Star gazing” or Opisthotonus
  • poor nerve function or polioencephalomalacia
  • cardiomegaly
  • “Beriberi” in humans
  • Bracken fern poison in horses
  • cat, mink, fox, marine mammals: Chastek paralysis (raw fish)
  • acidosis in cattle fed a high grain diet
A

Thiamine (B1) Deficiency

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4
Q
  • dermatitis with alopecia
  • impotence
  • ophthalmic problems
  • chickens: lesions in nerves –> “curled toe paralysis”
  • horses: “Moon Blindness” or equine uveitis, photophobia
A

Riboflavin (B2) Deficiency

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5
Q
  • poor growth
  • dry, rough skin
  • diarrhea
  • “Black Tongue” or Pellagra
  • cattle: fatty liver and ketosis
A

Niacin (B3) Deficiency

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6
Q
  • neurotransmitter synthesis impaired
  • chickens: poor survival of chicks, poor skin
  • pigs: “Goose Stepping”
A

Pantothenic Acid (B5) Deficiency

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7
Q
  • anemia
  • ataxia (RARE)
  • chickens: hens have infertile eggs
A

Pyridoxine (B6) Deficiency

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8
Q
  • poor hair and skin
  • cats, mink, fox: anorexia, scaly dermatitis around mouth and eyes
  • cattle/horses: poor hoof growth/hardness (high grain diet)
A

Biotin (B7, Vitamin H) Deficiency

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9
Q
  • macrocytic (unusually large RBCs) hypochromic anemia
  • chickens: poor synthesis and use of coccidiostats –> poor feathering, “slipped tendon” or perosis, extended neck and staring at the ground
A

Folic Acid (B9) Deficiency

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10
Q
  • low energy
  • smaller in size
  • anemia
  • reduced fertility
  • coprophagy
  • sheep: gluconeogenesis and growth problems
A

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

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11
Q
  • fatty liver
  • kidney degeneration
  • pigs: small litter size
A

Choline Deficiency

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12
Q
  • enlarged and painful joints
  • internal hemorrhages
  • man, primates, guinea pigs, birds, fish, bats: scurvy, weak back legs, dental problems, lesions
A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency

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13
Q
  • rickets
  • multiple sclerosis
  • poor immunity
  • influenza susceptibility
  • horses and rabbits have no requirement
  • new world monkeys, avians, reptiles and many fish require a different form of this vitamin
A

Vitamin D (D3 - Cholecalciferol) Deficiency

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14
Q
  • reproductive failure
  • neurological dysfunction
  • immune suppression
    cats, mink, ferrets, foals, pigs: “Yellow Fat Disease” or steatosis (steatites)
A

Vitamin E (Tocopherols) Deficiency

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15
Q
  • muscle weakness

- heart arrhythmia

A

Potassium Deficiency

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16
Q
  • pica

- cows: no milk production

A

Sodium Deficiency

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17
Q
  • prothrombin reduced
  • cattle, sheep, horses: “Sweet clover poisoning”
  • cats: too much fish
  • high clover hays lead to deficiency
A

Vitamin K Deficiency

18
Q
  • lethargy
  • poor performance
  • diarrhea resulting in hypovolemia = deficiency
A

Chlorine Deficiency

19
Q
  • rickets
  • osteoporosis
  • “Rubber Jaw” or osteodystrophy
  • Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (NSHP)
  • horse: “Big head”, NSHP, high grain diet could lead to this deficiency
  • Iguanas, turtles: NSHP
  • hens: “Caged Layer Fatigue”
  • “Milk Fever” or lactation eclampsia
A

Calcium Deficiency

20
Q
  • soft tissue calcification
  • weight loss
  • kidney failure
  • dogs: ingesting rodenticides
  • cattle, sheep, horses: “Wasting Disease”
A

Vitamin D (D3 - Cholecalciferol) Toxcitiy

21
Q
  • weak heart contractions and arrhythmia
  • renal failure
  • horses: “Equine Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis” in Quarter horses
A

Potassium Toxicity

22
Q
  • high blood pressure
  • animal which has no/little access to water (“toxicity”), then it is exposed to water –> animal’s body takes up too much water –> brain swells
A

Sodium Toxicity

23
Q
  • uroliths
  • muscle weakness
  • interference with Zinc absorption –> scaly skin and poor immunity
A

Calcium Toxicity

24
Q
  • rickets
  • osteomalacia
  • osteoporosis
  • “Rubber Jaw” or osteodystrophy
  • Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (NSHP)
  • cattle: “Hypophosphatemic Downer”
A

Phosphorus Deficiency

25
Q
  • cattle: tetany from grazing on spring grasses
A

Magnesium Deficiency

26
Q
  • reduced teste growth
  • skin perakeratosis
  • poor hoof condition
  • thymic atrophy
  • malamutes and cattle: absorption problem
A

Zinc Deficiency

27
Q
  • can block Copper absorption
  • oxidative damage
  • consumption of pennies/metal
A

Zinc Toxicity

28
Q
  • anemia
  • slow growth
  • young animals on a milk diet only
  • young pigs: anemia
A

Iron Deficiency

29
Q
  • interferes with absorption of copper and zinc
  • creates oxidative stress
  • diarrhea
  • weight gain
A

Iron Toxicity

30
Q
  • unthrifty performance
  • fragile bones
  • torn ligaments
  • lambs: “Sway Back”
  • anemia from iron
  • immune system dysfunction
  • cattle: lack of hair color (reddish)
  • clay soil = deficiency
A

Copper Deficiency

31
Q
  • stress
  • hemolysis of red blood cells
  • blood sludging
  • organ failure
  • antibacterial activity
  • ruminants, sheep, Jersey cow, Bedlington Terrier affected
A

Copper Toxicity

32
Q
  • poor growth
  • skeletal abnormalities
  • poor reproduction
A

Manganese Deficiency

33
Q
  • infertility
  • poor growth
  • chickens: exudative diathesis (edema), pancreatic fibrosis, atrophy of pancreas
  • pigs: “Mulberry Heart Disease”
  • lambs: “White Muscle Disease”
  • dairy cow: retained placenta
A

Selenium Deficiency

34
Q
  • hepatic and renal damage
  • hemorrhagic exudate in the lungs
  • ascites is common
  • “Blind Staggers”
  • horses and cattle: lameness and loss of hair and hoof malformations
  • hyperthyroidism in cats?
A

Selenium Toxicity

35
Q
  • “Goiters”

- newborn/fetal death

A

Iodine Deficiency

36
Q
  • “Hyperthyroid Storm”
  • ruminants: iodinated casein
  • cats: hyperthyroid
  • goats: “Milk Goiter” is normal
A

Iodine Toxicity

37
Q
  • anemia secondary to folate deficiency
  • gluconeogenesis and growth problems
  • ruminants have low B12
  • coprophagy
A

Insufficient dietary cobalt

38
Q
  • hyperglycemia
A

Chromium Deficiency

39
Q
  • weakened bones/teeth
  • brown, eroded teeth
  • aluminum smelting creates toxicity (i.e. cows downwind of aluminum plant)
A

Fluoride Toxicity

40
Q
  • develop copper deficiency from high amounts of this compound
  • cow and sheep: diarrhea and loss of hair pigmentation around the eyes
  • peat moss can lead to toxicity
A

Molybdenum Toxicity

41
Q
  • impairs neurological function resulting in blindness and irritability
  • intestinal pain
  • colic
  • abortion
  • anemia
A

Lead Toxicity

42
Q

A farmer thinks it’s a good idea to add phytase to the diet of his beloved sheep so that they can “get the most” from their diet and grazing. Over time, more of his sheep are dying and asks you to investigate. What would you most likely see in a post-mortem?

A. Displaced abomasum

B. Severe hemorrhaging

C. Extremely pale muscles

D. “Gun metal blue” kidneys

A

D. “Gun metal blue” kidneys (Copper toxicity)

ANSI 3543E - Lessons 4-6 (4 decks)

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