BMS 301 L.L last class

Question 1

Function of the foot:

Answer 1

Weight baring, locomotion, and balance.

Question 2

Name of the primary arch of the foot:

Answer 2

Longitudinal arch - More medial

Question 3

What is the keystone bone and its function?

Answer 3

The talus is the key stone bone, and it’s function is to distribute force through the foot - to the calcaneus and proximal phalanges.

Question 4

The ligament of the foot that prevents inferior dislocation of the talus?

Answer 4

The spring ligament, going from the calcaneous to the navicular.

Question 5

Ligament of the foot that goes from the calcaneous to the cuboid?

Answer 5

Short plantar ligament

Question 6

Foot intrinsics:

Answer 6

Their primary function is to maintain the longitudinal arch while standing static.

Question 7

Used to maintain the arch while static:

Answer 7

The ligaments and intrinsics.

Question 8

Plantar aponeurosis:

Answer 8

1. Is a specialized deep fascia on the plantar foot.
2. When the foot is pushing up while walking, the plantar aponeurosis will exaggerate the arch.

Question 9

Foot extrinsics:

Answer 9

1. Their primary function is dorsi/plantar flexion, but they have a secondary function of maintaining the arch of the foot while moving.
2. The deep posterior leg muscles will primarily support the arch (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior)
3. The fibularis longus muscle will also support the arch.

Question 10

Where is the midline of the foot and why?

Answer 10

The midline of the foot is at the 2nd digit, because they needed a way to determine AD/AB duction.

Question 11

Dorsal muscles of the foot and their innervation:

Answer 11

1. Extensor hallucis brevis
2. Extensor digitorum brevis.
3. Innervated by the deep fibular nerve.

Question 12

Lateral plantar muscles of the foot and their innervation:

Answer 12

1. ABductor digiti minimi.
2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis.
3. Inn = Lateral plantar nerve.
4. Func. = Maintain the arch and control digit #5.

Question 13

Medial plantar muscles of the foot, their innervations, and function:

Answer 13

1. ABductor hallucis
2. Flexor Hallucis Brevis (attaches to proximal phalanx, while longus attaches to the distal phalanx - ON EXAM)
3. Medial plantar nerve.
4. Function - Maintain the arch and control digit #1.

Question 14

Central plantar muscles of the foot - Layer one:

Answer 14

1. Flexor digitorum brevis m.

Question 15

Central plantar muscles of the foot - Layer 2:

Answer 15

1. Tendon of flexor digitorum longus m.
2. Quadratis plantar m. - B attachment is the tendon of flexor digitorum longus m.
3. Lumbricles - A attachment is the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle.

Question 16

Central plantar muscles - Layer 3:

Answer 16

1. Adductor hallucis - ADducts digit #1

Question 17

Central plantar muscles - Layer #4:

Answer 17

1. Interossei - Foot intrinsics that maintain the arch.

Question 18

Function of the lumbricles:

Answer 18

Primarily to maintain the arch.

Question 19

Function of the Quadratis Plantae m.

Answer 19

To lift the toes, even when in extreme plantar flexion.

Question 20

The Y - Ligament:

Answer 20

1. Is made up of the iliofemoral ligament and the ischiofemoral ligament.
2. Allows us to stand for prolonged periods of time.

Question 21

Layer of ligaments surrounding a synovial joint:

Answer 21

Joint capsule.

Question 22

What is deep fascia made of?

Answer 22

Is made of dense collagen fibers, and functions to compartmentalize muscle groups.

Question 23

Dorsal root:

Answer 23

Sensory only.

Question 24

Ventral root:

Answer 24

Motor only.

Question 25

Spinal nerve:

Answer 25

Where ventral and dorsal roots meet - mixed sensory and motor.

Question 26

Ventral rami:

Answer 26

1. mixed sensory and motor inn.
2. Is very large and supplies most of the bodies innervation.

Question 27

Dorsal rami:

Answer 27

1. mixed sensory and motor innervation.
2. Is very small and only innervates a small strip of skin and muscle of the back.

Question 28

Function of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

Answer 28

To prevent anterior rotation and transfer weight from the pelvic girdle to the femur.

Question 29

Function of the popliteus m. ?

Answer 29

Stabalizes the knee.

Question 29

Function of the plantaris muscle?

Answer 29

Proprioceptors.

Question 30

Function of the extensor rentinaculum?

Answer 30

To prevent bowstringing of ligaments in the ankle.

Question 31

Primary role of the foot extrinsics?

Answer 31

Dorsi/plantar flexion

Question 32

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 32

Medial border = adductor longus m.
Lateral border = sartorius m.
Superior border = Inquinal ligament.
Floor = Pectineus m.

Question 33

Hamstrings consist of what muscle, and share what common proximal attachment?

Answer 33

Muscles: Biceps femoris long head/short head, semitendonosis, semimembranosis.
Proximal attachment: ischial tuberosity.

Question 34

Medial thigh muscles consist of?

Answer 34

Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus, gracilis.

Question 35

What would happen to the medial thigh muscles if the obturator nerve was severed?

Answer 35

The adductors and gracilis would stop working, but the pectineus could continue working because 1/2 of it’s innervation is from the from the deep formal nerve.

Question 36

Pes anserine

Answer 36

Is where the gracilis m., semitendonis m., and sartorius muscle meet at the medial proximal tibia.

Question 37

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament do what?

Answer 37

Prevent rotation and hyperextension of the tibia on the femur.