BMB drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Timolol
A
Glaucoma drug. Beta adrenergic antagonist. Decreases production of aqueous.
2
Q
Betaxolol
A
Glaucoma drug. Beta adrenergic antagonist. Decreases production of aqueous.
3
Q
Cartelol
A
Glaucome drug. Beta adrinergic antagonist. Decreases production of aqueous.
4
Q
Apraclonidine
A
Glaucoma drug. Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist. Decreases production of aqueous initially, but ultimately increases UVEOSACRAL outflow
5
Q
Brimonidine
A
Glaucoma drug. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. Decreases production of aqueous initially, but ultimately increases UVEOSACRAL outflow
6
Q
Pilocarpine
A
Glaucoma drug. Cholinergic. Increases trabecular outflow.
7
Q
Epinephrine
A
Glaucoma drug. Nonspecific adrenergic agonist. Increases trabecular outflow.
8
Q
Dipivalyl epinephrine
A
Glaucoma drug. Nonspecific adrenergic agonist. Increases trabecular outflow.
9
Q
Latanoprost
A
Glaucoma drug. Prostaglandin. Increases uveosacral outflow.
10
Q
Bimatoprost
A
Glaucoma drug. Prostaglandin. Increases uveosacral outflow.
11
Q
Travaprost
A
Glaucoma drug. Prostaglandin. Increases uveosacral outflow.
12
Q
Morphine
A
Opioid agonist. Abused substance.
13
Q
Codeine
A
Opioid agonist. Can still be phoned in.
14
Q
Oxycodone
A
Opioid agonist.
15
Q
Hydrocodone
A
Opioid agonist
16
Q
Heroin
A
Opioid agonist. Abused substance.
17
Q
Meperidine
A
Opioid agonist. 10 hour half life.
18
Q
Hydromorphone
A
Opioid agonist
19
Q
Fentanyl
A
Opioid agonist. Highly lipid soluble. Used in the OR. Lollipop/transdermal.
20
Q
Methadone
A
Opioid agonist. Used to wean heroin
21
Q
Tramadol
A
Opioid agonist. 2 mechs– of action– opioid agonist AND blocks reuptake of 5HT and NE. Can phone in.
22
Q
Naloxone
A
Opioid antagonist. IV or IM only.
23
Q
Naltrexone
A
Opioid antagonist. Oral only. Slower onset. Used in some abuse deterrent formulas. Also used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
24
Q
Pentazocine
A
Kappa agonist/mu antagonist
25
Nalbuphine
Kappa agonist/mu antagonist
26
Butorphanol
Kappa agonist/mu antagonist
27
Buprenorphine
Partial agonist at the mu receptor
28
Loperamide
Anti-diarrheal drug. Opioid receptor agonist.
29
Dephenoxylate
Anti-diarrheal. Opioid receptor agonist.
30
Dextromethorphan
Antitussive. Opioid receptor agonist.
31
Ibuprofen
NSAID. Cox1/2 inhibitor. Used for treatment of migraines.
32
Naprosyn
NSAID. COX1/2 inhibitor.
33
Indomethicin
NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor.
| Used for Gout and closing patent ductus arteriosus in neonates.
34
Diclofenac
NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor. #1 prescribed in the US, #1 used all over the world.
35
Nabumetone
NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor. THE ONLY NON-ACIDIC NSAID.
36
Ketorolac
NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor. IV.
37
Meloxicam
NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor.
38
Celecoxib/Celebrex
ONLY COX2 INHIBITOR. No platelet effect; better GI tolerance. Does not interfere with aspirin protection.
39
ASA
NSAID. Irreversibly acetylates COX. Also anti-platelet for prophylactic anticoagulation. Used for treatment of migraines.
40
Carbamazepine
Antiepilectic drug. Tricyclic. Stabilizes inactivated voltage-gated sodium channels. Used for focal onset seizures only. Also used for neuropathic pain if the pain is INTERMITTENT AND LANCIATING. Induces CYP450. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
41
Gabapentin
Antiepilectic drug. Used for neuropathic pain if the pain is INTERMITTENT AND LANCIATING.
42
Pregabalin
Antiepilectic drug. Used for neuropathic pain if the pain is INTERMITTENT AND LANCIATING.
43
Levodopa
Used for Parkinson's disease. Dopamine precursor.
44
Carbidopa
Dopamine decarboxylase Inhibitor that cannot cross the blood brain barrier. Minimizes conversion of levodopa to dopamine outside of the CNS.
45
Pergolide
Parkinson's disease drug. Dopamine agonist.
46
Pramipexole
Parkinson's disease drug. D2/D3 agonist.
47
Ropinirole
Parkinson's disease drug. D2/D3 agonist.
48
Seligiline
Antidepressant/Parkinson's drug. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
49
Rasagiline
Parkinson's drug. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
50
Benztropine
Parkinson's drug. Acetylcholine receptor antagonist.
51
Entacapone
Parkinson's drug. COMT inhibitor. Enhances delivery to CNS.
52
Tolcapone
Parkinson's drug. COMT inhibitor. Enhances delivery to CNS.
53
Amantadine
Parkinson's drug. Dopamine agonist.
54
Procaine
Local anesthetic. Ester.
55
Choloroprocaine
Local anesthetic. Ester.
56
Cocaine
Local anesthetic. Ester.
Abused substance. Inhibits catecholamine reuptake.
57
Tetracaine
Local anesthetic. Ester.
58
Lidocaine
Local anesthetic. Amide.
59
Mepivacaine
Local anesthetic. Amide.
60
Priolcaine
Local anesthetic. Amide.
61
Bupivacaine
Local anesthetic. Amide.
62
Ropivacaine
Local anesthetic. Amide
63
Propofol
IV general anesthetic. Vast majority of anesthetics use this to put patient to sleep. Not water soluble- must deliver in lipid emulsion. Painful on injection. Rapid reversal of effect.
64
Ketamine
IV general anesthetic. Mainly an NMDA receptor antagonist. Causes a dissociative state rather than a true amnesia (pt is aware of what's happening but doesn't care). Sympathomimetic- BP maintained, HR increases, bronchodilation. Slower arousal than propofol. Derivative of PCP- can cause weird hallucinations. Abused substance.
65
Etomidate
IV general anesthetic. Inhibits 11β-hydroxylase/can suppress the production of cortisol. Used for patients in cardiogenic shock because less myocardial depressant effect. Bad for patients w/ infection/sepsis [they need increased levels of cortisol]
66
Dexmedetomidine
IV general anesthetic. Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist. Approved for sedation of intubated and ventilated patients in an ICU setting. Short-acting; requires continuous infusion. No clinically apparent respiratory depression, but can cause hypotension.
67
Nitrous oxide
Inhalational general anesthetic. Greenhouse gas.
68
Isoflurane
Inhalational general anesthetic. Ether.
69
Desflurane
Inhalational general anesthetic. Ether. Rapid onset, rapid elimination.
70
Sevoflurane
Inhalational general anesthetic. Ether. Rapid onset, rapid elimination.
71
Dabigatran
Anticoagulant. Direct thrombin inhibitor
72
Apixaban
Anticoagulant. Factor Xa inhibitor.
73
Clopidogrel
Antiplatelet. Platelet ADP receptor inhibitor.
74
Nimodipine
Used in treatment of subarchnoid hemorrhage. Calcium channel blocker.
75
Isoniazid
Anti-tubercular drug. Inhibition of myocolic acid synthesis [cell wall]
76
Rifampin
Antitubercular drug. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
77
Pyrazinamide
Antitubercular. MOA is unknown.
78
Amphotericin B
Antifungal. Binds ergosterols in cell membrane, causing membrane stability to decrease due to steric hinderance.
79
Flucytosine
Antifungal. Noncompetitive inhibitor of thymidilate synthetase
80
Penicillin G potassium
Antibiotic.
81
Ceftriaxone
Antibiotic. 3rd generation cephalosporin for first line treatment of bacterial meningitis. Cell wall active agent: disrupts penicillin-binding protein.
82
Ampicillin
Antibiotic. Member of penicillin family. First line treatment agent for bacterial meningitis. Cell wall active agent: disrupts penicillin binding protein.
83
Vancomycin
Antibiotic. Glycopeptide Family. Disrupts cell wall synthesis at the level of D-alynyl-D-alantine terminal binding. First line treatment against GRAM POSITIVE bacterial meningitis.
84
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid. Anti-inflammatory. Given as adjuvant to meningitis therapy to reduce intracranial swelling.
85
Acyclovir
Antiviral. Thymadine kinase inhibitor. Used for the treatment of Herpes Encephalitis.
86
Ceftazidime
Antibiotic. 3rd generation cephalosporin for first line treatment of bacterial meningitis. Cell wall active agent: disrupts penicillin-binding protein.
87
Fluconazole
Antifungal. Inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis.
88
Metronidazole
Antimicrobial/antiprotazoal
89
Levertiracetam
Antiepileptic drug. Inhibits presynaptic calcium channels reducing neurotransmitter release. Not metabolized in the liver; no drug-drug interactions. Least protein binding.
90
Lamotrigine
Antiepileptic drug. Used for both focal onset and generalized onset seizures. Phenyltriazine-sodium channel blocker. Least sedating. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder
91
Phenytoin
Antiepileptic drug. Used for both focal and generalized onset seizures. Hydantoin- voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. Highly protein bound. Induces CYP450. Zero order elimination. Gum hypertrophy is an AE.
92
Valproate
Antiepileptic drug. Caboxylic acid. Blocks voltage gated sodium channels. Inhibits CYP450. Drug of choice for generalized onset seizures but highly teratogenic. Can also be used for migraine prophylaxis. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
93
Acetaminophen
COX1/2 inhibitor. Used for treatment of migraines and tension type headaches.
94
Amitryptyline
TCA antidepressant. Primarily serotonin-norepineprhine reuptake inhibitor. Used for treatment of depression, migraine prophylaxis and treating tension-type headaches.
95
Ergotamine
Vasoconstrictor via 5HT-1B receptor. Used for headache analgesia.
96
Prednisone
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory. Used in the treatment of cluster headaches.
97
Prochlorperazine
Phenothiazide class of antipsychotic. Used for the acute treatment of migraines.
98
Sumatriptan
5HT receptor agonist/vasoconstrictor. Used for the acute treatment of migraines.
99
Verapamil
voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor. Used in the treatment of cluster headaches.
100
Chlorpromazine
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
101
Fluphenazine
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
102
Haloperidol
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Effective in treating Huntington's chorea as well.
103
Perphenazine
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
104
Thiothixene
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
105
Prochloroperzine
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
106
Thioridazine
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
107
Trifluoperazine
Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors >> 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
108
Aripiprazole
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors (partial agonist at D2). Used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
109
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
110
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
111
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
112
Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
113
Ziprasidone
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
114
Asenapine
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
115
Paliperidone
Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
116
Disulfiram
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Used to treat alcohol use disorder. Causes buildup of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of ethanol aka you feel really horrible if you drink alcohol.
117
Acamprosate
NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA-A receptor agonist. Derivative of homotaurine (amino acid). Modulates excitatory neurotransmission. Used to treat alcohol use disorders.
118
Nicotine replacement
Binds nicotinic ACh receptor. Used to treat tobacco use disorders.
119
Buproprion
NE and DA reuptake inhibitor. Used in the treatment of tobacco use disorder. Also atypical antidepressant. Also used in the treatment of ADHD.
120
Varenicline
Partial agonist at nAChR (alpha-4/beta-2 subtype). Used in the treatment of tobacco use disorder.
121
Imipramine
TCA antidepressant. Primarily serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
122
Desipramine
TCA antidepressant. Primarily serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
123
Escitalopram
SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.
124
Fluoxetine
SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.
125
Paroxetine
SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.
126
Sertaline
SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.
127
Citalopram
SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.
128
Fluvoxamine
SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.
129
Venlafaxine
SNRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT and NE reuptake.
130
Duloxetine
SNRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT and NE reuptake.
131
Desvenlafaxine
SNRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT and NE reuptake.
132
Phenelzine
MAOI antidepressant.
133
Tranylcypromine
MAOI antidepressant
134
Mirtazapine
Atypical antidepressant
135
Trazodone
Atypical antidepressant
136
Lithium
Used for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
137
MDMA
Ecstasy. Abused substance. Causes serotonin release.
138
Amphetamines
Abused substance. Release of catecholamines; inhibition of reuptake.
139
Benzodiazepenes
Abused substance. Binds GABA-A receptor; increases receptor activity.
140
Barbituates
Abused substance. GABA-A receptor agonist.
141
Caffeine
Abused substance. Antagonist of the adenosine A2 receptor.
142
Alcohol
Abused substance. Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels and NMDA; enhances the action of GABA.
143
Nicotine
Abused substance. Binds ACh receptor and increases the levels of several neurotransmitters.
144
THC
Abused substance. Active ingredient in marijuana. Binds the CB1 anandamine receptor.
145
LSD
Abused substance. Mixed agonist/antagonist at 5-HT receptors
146
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
Abused substance. Agonist at the GHB receptor. Excitatory.
147
Marijuana
Abused substance. Binds the CB1 anandamine receptor.
148
Organic solvents
Abused substance. Many actions/CNS depression.
149
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Abused substance. NMDA receptor agonist. Effects mimic schizophrenia.
150
Toluene
Abused substance. Many actions; CNS depression.
151
Aprazolam
Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety.
152
Chlordiazepoxide
Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety.
153
Clonazepam
Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety.
154
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. No oxidative metabolism = better for the elderly and those with liver damage.
155
Midazolam
Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. Preop benzo of choice.
156
Temazepam
Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. No oxidative metabolism = better for the elderly and those with liver damage.
157
Oxazepam
Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. No oxidative metabolism = better for the elderly and those with liver damage.
158
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Should not be used for anyone on chronic benzos or else they will seize.
159
Buspirone
5HT1A agonist. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Not as effective as benzos.
160
Zolpidem
"Z drug". Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic used to treat insomnia. 3 hour duration of action. No hangover in the morning. Acts via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor.
161
Zaleplon
"Z drug". Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic used to treat insomnia. 2 hour half life. Good for jet lag; no hangover in the morning.
Acts via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor.
162
Eszopiclone
"Z drug". Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic used to treat insomnia. 6 hour half life. Good for really long flights. Acts via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor.
163
Remelteon
Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic. Melatonin receptor agonist.
164
Secobarbital
Barbiturate. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Largely replaced by benzodiazepines in practice.
165
Thiopental
Barbiturate. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Largely replaced by benzodiazepines in practice.
166
Phenobarbital
Barbiturate. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Largely replaced by benzodiazepines in practice.
167
Atomoxetine
ADHD pharmacology. NE/DA reuptake inhibitor.
168
Guanfacine
ADHD drug. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. Decreases calcium entry into nerve terminal/release of NE and DA. Better specifically for impulsivity symptoms.
169
Clonidine
ADHD drug. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist.
| Decreases calcium entry into nerve terminal/release of NE and DA. Better specifically for impulsivity symptoms.
170
Metylphrenidate
ADHD drugs. Inhibition primarily of DA reuptake.
171
Mixed amphetamine salts.
ADHD drugs. Increase release of both NE and DA.
