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M2 DRUGS > BMB drugs > Flashcards

BMB drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Timolol

A

Glaucoma drug. Beta adrenergic antagonist. Decreases production of aqueous.

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2
Q

Betaxolol

A

Glaucoma drug. Beta adrenergic antagonist. Decreases production of aqueous.

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3
Q

Cartelol

A

Glaucome drug. Beta adrinergic antagonist. Decreases production of aqueous.

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4
Q

Apraclonidine

A

Glaucoma drug. Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist. Decreases production of aqueous initially, but ultimately increases UVEOSACRAL outflow

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5
Q

Brimonidine

A

Glaucoma drug. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. Decreases production of aqueous initially, but ultimately increases UVEOSACRAL outflow

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6
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Glaucoma drug. Cholinergic. Increases trabecular outflow.

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7
Q

Epinephrine

A

Glaucoma drug. Nonspecific adrenergic agonist. Increases trabecular outflow.

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8
Q

Dipivalyl epinephrine

A

Glaucoma drug. Nonspecific adrenergic agonist. Increases trabecular outflow.

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9
Q

Latanoprost

A

Glaucoma drug. Prostaglandin. Increases uveosacral outflow.

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10
Q

Bimatoprost

A

Glaucoma drug. Prostaglandin. Increases uveosacral outflow.

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11
Q

Travaprost

A

Glaucoma drug. Prostaglandin. Increases uveosacral outflow.

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12
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid agonist. Abused substance.

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13
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid agonist. Can still be phoned in.

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14
Q

Oxycodone

A

Opioid agonist.

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15
Q

Hydrocodone

A

Opioid agonist

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16
Q

Heroin

A

Opioid agonist. Abused substance.

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17
Q

Meperidine

A

Opioid agonist. 10 hour half life.

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18
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Opioid agonist

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19
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid agonist. Highly lipid soluble. Used in the OR. Lollipop/transdermal.

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20
Q

Methadone

A

Opioid agonist. Used to wean heroin

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21
Q

Tramadol

A

Opioid agonist. 2 mechs– of action– opioid agonist AND blocks reuptake of 5HT and NE. Can phone in.

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22
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist. IV or IM only.

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23
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid antagonist. Oral only. Slower onset. Used in some abuse deterrent formulas. Also used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

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24
Q

Pentazocine

A

Kappa agonist/mu antagonist

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25
Q

Nalbuphine

A

Kappa agonist/mu antagonist

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26
Q

Butorphanol

A

Kappa agonist/mu antagonist

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27
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Partial agonist at the mu receptor

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28
Q

Loperamide

A

Anti-diarrheal drug. Opioid receptor agonist.

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29
Q

Dephenoxylate

A

Anti-diarrheal. Opioid receptor agonist.

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30
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Antitussive. Opioid receptor agonist.

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31
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID. Cox1/2 inhibitor. Used for treatment of migraines.

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32
Q

Naprosyn

A

NSAID. COX1/2 inhibitor.

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33
Q

Indomethicin

A

NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor.

Used for Gout and closing patent ductus arteriosus in neonates.

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34
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor. #1 prescribed in the US, #1 used all over the world.

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35
Q

Nabumetone

A

NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor. THE ONLY NON-ACIDIC NSAID.

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36
Q

Ketorolac

A

NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor. IV.

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37
Q

Meloxicam

A

NSAID. COX 1/2 inhibitor.

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38
Q

Celecoxib/Celebrex

A

ONLY COX2 INHIBITOR. No platelet effect; better GI tolerance. Does not interfere with aspirin protection.

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39
Q

ASA

A

NSAID. Irreversibly acetylates COX. Also anti-platelet for prophylactic anticoagulation. Used for treatment of migraines.

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40
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Antiepilectic drug. Tricyclic. Stabilizes inactivated voltage-gated sodium channels. Used for focal onset seizures only. Also used for neuropathic pain if the pain is INTERMITTENT AND LANCIATING. Induces CYP450. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

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41
Q

Gabapentin

A

Antiepilectic drug. Used for neuropathic pain if the pain is INTERMITTENT AND LANCIATING.

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42
Q

Pregabalin

A

Antiepilectic drug. Used for neuropathic pain if the pain is INTERMITTENT AND LANCIATING.

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43
Q

Levodopa

A

Used for Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine precursor.

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44
Q

Carbidopa

A

Dopamine decarboxylase Inhibitor that cannot cross the blood brain barrier. Minimizes conversion of levodopa to dopamine outside of the CNS.

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45
Q

Pergolide

A

Parkinson’s disease drug. Dopamine agonist.

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46
Q

Pramipexole

A

Parkinson’s disease drug. D2/D3 agonist.

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47
Q

Ropinirole

A

Parkinson’s disease drug. D2/D3 agonist.

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48
Q

Seligiline

A

Antidepressant/Parkinson’s drug. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

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49
Q

Rasagiline

A

Parkinson’s drug. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

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50
Q

Benztropine

A

Parkinson’s drug. Acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

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51
Q

Entacapone

A

Parkinson’s drug. COMT inhibitor. Enhances delivery to CNS.

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52
Q

Tolcapone

A

Parkinson’s drug. COMT inhibitor. Enhances delivery to CNS.

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53
Q

Amantadine

A

Parkinson’s drug. Dopamine agonist.

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54
Q

Procaine

A

Local anesthetic. Ester.

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55
Q

Choloroprocaine

A

Local anesthetic. Ester.

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56
Q

Cocaine

A

Local anesthetic. Ester.

Abused substance. Inhibits catecholamine reuptake.

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57
Q

Tetracaine

A

Local anesthetic. Ester.

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58
Q

Lidocaine

A

Local anesthetic. Amide.

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59
Q

Mepivacaine

A

Local anesthetic. Amide.

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60
Q

Priolcaine

A

Local anesthetic. Amide.

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61
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Local anesthetic. Amide.

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62
Q

Ropivacaine

A

Local anesthetic. Amide

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63
Q

Propofol

A

IV general anesthetic. Vast majority of anesthetics use this to put patient to sleep. Not water soluble- must deliver in lipid emulsion. Painful on injection. Rapid reversal of effect.

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64
Q

Ketamine

A

IV general anesthetic. Mainly an NMDA receptor antagonist. Causes a dissociative state rather than a true amnesia (pt is aware of what’s happening but doesn’t care). Sympathomimetic- BP maintained, HR increases, bronchodilation. Slower arousal than propofol. Derivative of PCP- can cause weird hallucinations. Abused substance.

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65
Q

Etomidate

A

IV general anesthetic. Inhibits 11β-hydroxylase/can suppress the production of cortisol. Used for patients in cardiogenic shock because less myocardial depressant effect. Bad for patients w/ infection/sepsis [they need increased levels of cortisol]

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66
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

IV general anesthetic. Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist. Approved for sedation of intubated and ventilated patients in an ICU setting. Short-acting; requires continuous infusion. No clinically apparent respiratory depression, but can cause hypotension.

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67
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

Inhalational general anesthetic. Greenhouse gas.

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68
Q

Isoflurane

A

Inhalational general anesthetic. Ether.

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69
Q

Desflurane

A

Inhalational general anesthetic. Ether. Rapid onset, rapid elimination.

70
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Inhalational general anesthetic. Ether. Rapid onset, rapid elimination.

71
Q

Dabigatran

A

Anticoagulant. Direct thrombin inhibitor

72
Q

Apixaban

A

Anticoagulant. Factor Xa inhibitor.

73
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet. Platelet ADP receptor inhibitor.

74
Q

Nimodipine

A

Used in treatment of subarchnoid hemorrhage. Calcium channel blocker.

75
Q

Isoniazid

A

Anti-tubercular drug. Inhibition of myocolic acid synthesis [cell wall]

76
Q

Rifampin

A

Antitubercular drug. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

77
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Antitubercular. MOA is unknown.

78
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Antifungal. Binds ergosterols in cell membrane, causing membrane stability to decrease due to steric hinderance.

79
Q

Flucytosine

A

Antifungal. Noncompetitive inhibitor of thymidilate synthetase

80
Q

Penicillin G potassium

A

Antibiotic.

81
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Antibiotic. 3rd generation cephalosporin for first line treatment of bacterial meningitis. Cell wall active agent: disrupts penicillin-binding protein.

82
Q

Ampicillin

A

Antibiotic. Member of penicillin family. First line treatment agent for bacterial meningitis. Cell wall active agent: disrupts penicillin binding protein.

83
Q

Vancomycin

A

Antibiotic. Glycopeptide Family. Disrupts cell wall synthesis at the level of D-alynyl-D-alantine terminal binding. First line treatment against GRAM POSITIVE bacterial meningitis.

84
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid. Anti-inflammatory. Given as adjuvant to meningitis therapy to reduce intracranial swelling.

85
Q

Acyclovir

A

Antiviral. Thymadine kinase inhibitor. Used for the treatment of Herpes Encephalitis.

86
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Antibiotic. 3rd generation cephalosporin for first line treatment of bacterial meningitis. Cell wall active agent: disrupts penicillin-binding protein.

87
Q

Fluconazole

A

Antifungal. Inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis.

88
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antimicrobial/antiprotazoal

89
Q

Levertiracetam

A

Antiepileptic drug. Inhibits presynaptic calcium channels reducing neurotransmitter release. Not metabolized in the liver; no drug-drug interactions. Least protein binding.

90
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Antiepileptic drug. Used for both focal onset and generalized onset seizures. Phenyltriazine-sodium channel blocker. Least sedating. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder

91
Q

Phenytoin

A

Antiepileptic drug. Used for both focal and generalized onset seizures. Hydantoin- voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. Highly protein bound. Induces CYP450. Zero order elimination. Gum hypertrophy is an AE.

92
Q

Valproate

A

Antiepileptic drug. Caboxylic acid. Blocks voltage gated sodium channels. Inhibits CYP450. Drug of choice for generalized onset seizures but highly teratogenic. Can also be used for migraine prophylaxis. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

93
Q

Acetaminophen

A

COX1/2 inhibitor. Used for treatment of migraines and tension type headaches.

94
Q

Amitryptyline

A

TCA antidepressant. Primarily serotonin-norepineprhine reuptake inhibitor. Used for treatment of depression, migraine prophylaxis and treating tension-type headaches.

95
Q

Ergotamine

A

Vasoconstrictor via 5HT-1B receptor. Used for headache analgesia.

96
Q

Prednisone

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory. Used in the treatment of cluster headaches.

97
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Phenothiazide class of antipsychotic. Used for the acute treatment of migraines.

98
Q

Sumatriptan

A

5HT receptor agonist/vasoconstrictor. Used for the acute treatment of migraines.

99
Q

Verapamil

A

voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor. Used in the treatment of cluster headaches.

100
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

101
Q

Fluphenazine

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

102
Q

Haloperidol

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Effective in treating Huntington’s chorea as well.

103
Q

Perphenazine

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

104
Q

Thiothixene

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

105
Q

Prochloroperzine

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

106
Q

Thioridazine

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

107
Q

Trifluoperazine

A

Typical antipsychotic. Blocks D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

108
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors (partial agonist at D2). Used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

109
Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

110
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

111
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

112
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

113
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

114
Q

Asenapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

115
Q

Paliperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Blocks 5HT2A receptors > D2 receptors. Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

116
Q

Disulfiram

A

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Used to treat alcohol use disorder. Causes buildup of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of ethanol aka you feel really horrible if you drink alcohol.

117
Q

Acamprosate

A

NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA-A receptor agonist. Derivative of homotaurine (amino acid). Modulates excitatory neurotransmission. Used to treat alcohol use disorders.

118
Q

Nicotine replacement

A

Binds nicotinic ACh receptor. Used to treat tobacco use disorders.

119
Q

Buproprion

A

NE and DA reuptake inhibitor. Used in the treatment of tobacco use disorder. Also atypical antidepressant. Also used in the treatment of ADHD.

120
Q

Varenicline

A

Partial agonist at nAChR (alpha-4/beta-2 subtype). Used in the treatment of tobacco use disorder.

121
Q

Imipramine

A

TCA antidepressant. Primarily serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.

122
Q

Desipramine

A

TCA antidepressant. Primarily serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.

123
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.

124
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.

125
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.

126
Q

Sertaline

A

SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.

127
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.

128
Q

Fluvoxamine

A

SSRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT reuptake.

129
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT and NE reuptake.

130
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT and NE reuptake.

131
Q

Desvenlafaxine

A

SNRI antidepressant. Inhibits 5HT and NE reuptake.

132
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI antidepressant.

133
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAOI antidepressant

134
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical antidepressant

135
Q

Trazodone

A

Atypical antidepressant

136
Q

Lithium

A

Used for the treatment of bipolar disorder.

137
Q

MDMA

A

Ecstasy. Abused substance. Causes serotonin release.

138
Q

Amphetamines

A

Abused substance. Release of catecholamines; inhibition of reuptake.

139
Q

Benzodiazepenes

A

Abused substance. Binds GABA-A receptor; increases receptor activity.

140
Q

Barbituates

A

Abused substance. GABA-A receptor agonist.

141
Q

Caffeine

A

Abused substance. Antagonist of the adenosine A2 receptor.

142
Q

Alcohol

A

Abused substance. Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels and NMDA; enhances the action of GABA.

143
Q

Nicotine

A

Abused substance. Binds ACh receptor and increases the levels of several neurotransmitters.

144
Q

THC

A

Abused substance. Active ingredient in marijuana. Binds the CB1 anandamine receptor.

145
Q

LSD

A

Abused substance. Mixed agonist/antagonist at 5-HT receptors

146
Q

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate

A

Abused substance. Agonist at the GHB receptor. Excitatory.

147
Q

Marijuana

A

Abused substance. Binds the CB1 anandamine receptor.

148
Q

Organic solvents

A

Abused substance. Many actions/CNS depression.

149
Q

Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

Abused substance. NMDA receptor agonist. Effects mimic schizophrenia.

150
Q

Toluene

A

Abused substance. Many actions; CNS depression.

151
Q

Aprazolam

A

Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety.

152
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety.

153
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety.

154
Q

Lorazepam

A

Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. No oxidative metabolism = better for the elderly and those with liver damage.

155
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. Preop benzo of choice.

156
Q

Temazepam

A

Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. No oxidative metabolism = better for the elderly and those with liver damage.

157
Q

Oxazepam

A

Benzodiazepine. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug used for anxiety. No oxidative metabolism = better for the elderly and those with liver damage.

158
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Should not be used for anyone on chronic benzos or else they will seize.

159
Q

Buspirone

A

5HT1A agonist. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Not as effective as benzos.

160
Q

Zolpidem

A

“Z drug”. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic used to treat insomnia. 3 hour duration of action. No hangover in the morning. Acts via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor.

161
Q

Zaleplon

A

“Z drug”. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic used to treat insomnia. 2 hour half life. Good for jet lag; no hangover in the morning.
Acts via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor.

162
Q

Eszopiclone

A

“Z drug”. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic used to treat insomnia. 6 hour half life. Good for really long flights. Acts via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor.

163
Q

Remelteon

A

Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic. Melatonin receptor agonist.

164
Q

Secobarbital

A

Barbiturate. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Largely replaced by benzodiazepines in practice.

165
Q

Thiopental

A

Barbiturate. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Largely replaced by benzodiazepines in practice.

166
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Barbiturate. Anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic drug. Largely replaced by benzodiazepines in practice.

167
Q

Atomoxetine

A

ADHD pharmacology. NE/DA reuptake inhibitor.

168
Q

Guanfacine

A

ADHD drug. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. Decreases calcium entry into nerve terminal/release of NE and DA. Better specifically for impulsivity symptoms.

169
Q

Clonidine

A

ADHD drug. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist.

Decreases calcium entry into nerve terminal/release of NE and DA. Better specifically for impulsivity symptoms.

170
Q

Metylphrenidate

A

ADHD drugs. Inhibition primarily of DA reuptake.

171
Q

Mixed amphetamine salts.

A

ADHD drugs. Increase release of both NE and DA.

M2 DRUGS (3 decks)

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