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UNI > BM1011 > Flashcards

BM1011 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ‘atom’?

A

‘Atoms’ are described as the basic unit of life and also known as the smallest particle of a chemical element to exist. Atoms are made of three particle: protons, neutrons and electrons.

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2
Q

What is a ‘proton’?

A

A ‘proton’ is a particle found in the nucleus of every atom, positively charged with an equal magnitude to that of an electron.

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3
Q

What is a ‘neutron’?

A

A ‘neutron’ is described as a particle consistent of the same mass as a proton, without an electric charge.

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4
Q

What is an ‘electron’?

A

An ‘electron’ is described as negatively charged particles of an atom.

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5
Q

What is an ‘ion’?

A

An ‘ion’ is described as a charged atom or molecule. An ion is charged as the number of electrons do not equal to the number of protons.

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6
Q

What is a ‘compound’?

A

A ‘compound’ is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.

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7
Q

What is a ‘cation’?

A

A ‘cation’ is described as a positively charged ion.

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8
Q

What is an ‘anion’?

A

An ‘anion’ is described as a negatively charged ion.

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9
Q

What are cells made of?

A

Large molecules are called macronutrients, these include:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids

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10
Q

What are ion concentrations measured in?

A

Ion concentrations are measured in ‘moles’.

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11
Q

What are the 4 Basic Tissue Types?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Muscle
  3. Connective tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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12
Q

List the eleven organ systems the human body consists of.

A
  1. Integumentary System
  2. Skeletal System
  3. Muscular System
  4. Digestive System
  5. Lymphatic System/Immunity
  6. Urinary System
  7. Nervous System
  8. Cardiovascular System
  9. Endocrine System
  10. Respiratory System
  11. Reproductive System
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13
Q

What is the ‘integumentary system’ responsible for?

A
  • External body covering, (skin, hair, nails)
  • Protection of deeper tissues from body
  • Sensory receptors, (pain, pressure, texture)
  • Temperature regulation (sweat, blood circulation)
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14
Q

What is the ‘skeletal system’ responsible for?

A
  • Supports and protects body organs
  • Provides muscle framework for movement
  • Formation of blood cells in bones
  • Storage of minerals
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15
Q

What is the ‘muscular system’ responsible for?

A
  • Movement of the body

- Heat production

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16
Q

What is the ‘digestive system’ responsible for?

A
  • Breaks food down into smaller units for distribution eg. food into energy, (metabolism)
  • Eliminates waste via excretion, (indigestible foods, dead red blood cells)
17
Q

What is the ‘lymphatic system’ responsible for?

A
  • Recovers fluid that leaks from blood vessels into tissues
  • Dispose cellular debris
  • Houses white blood cells, involved in immunity
18
Q

What is the ‘urinary system’ responsible for?

A
  • Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body

- Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in blood

19
Q

What is the ‘nervous system’ responsible for?

A
  • Major controlling, regulating and communicating system in the body
  • Responds to internal and external changes
20
Q

What is the ‘cardiovascular system’ responsible for?

A
  • Blood vessels transports blood which carries O2, CO2, nutrients & wastes to all the cells in the body
  • Heart pumps blood around the body
  • Arteries carry the blood away from the body (A for Away)
  • Veins carry the blood back to the heart
21
Q

What is the ‘endocrine system’ responsible for?

A
  • Secretion of hormones by glands into the bloodstream

- Regulates growth, reproduction, nutrients

22
Q

What is the ‘respiratory system’ responsible for?

A
  • Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
  • Removes carbon dioxide
  • Allows humans to breathe
23
Q

What is the ‘reproductive system’ responsible for?

A
  • Reproduction of living organisms
  • Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
  • Ducts and glands deliver sperm to female reproductive tract
  • Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
  • Sites for fertilisation and development of foetus
  • Mammary glands produce nourishment for infant
24
Q

What is the role and responsibility of the ‘plasma membrane’?

A

The plasma membrane is made up mainly of phospholipids and proteins. The plasma membrane defines the external boundary of the cell and separates ‘intracellular’ & ‘extracellular’ fluids.

25
Q

What is a ‘phospholipid’?

A

Membranes are made of ‘phospholipids’. These are modified fatty acids which have a polar head.

UNI (2 decks)

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