BM1011 Flashcards
Which of the following organ systems is involved in sending electrical signals?
a. The endocrine system.
b. The respiratory system.
c. The renal system.
d. The nervous system.
e. The integumentary system.
d. The nervous system.
Which of the following tissue types can be classified as squamous, cuboidal or columnar?
a. Nervous tissue.
b. Adipose tissue.
c. Epithelial tissue.
d. Connective tissue.
e. Muscle tissue.
c. Epithelial tissue.
Which of the following molecular types is non-polar?
a. Lipids.
b. Ions.
c. Carbohydrates.
d. Water.
a. Lipids.
Which of the following best describes the elemental composition of carbohydrates?
a. They are made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
b. They are made of carbon, sodium, nitrogen and oxygen.
c. They are made of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.
d. They are made from hydrogen, sodium and potassium.
e. They are made from cats.
a. They are made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
Which is the following best explains why carbohydrates are polar but lipids are not?
a. Carbohydrates contain a lot of ions, lipids do not.
b. Lipids are smaller molecules.
c. Lipids contain a lot of nitrogen, but carbohydrates do not.
d. Carbohydrates contain a lot of oxygen, lipids do not.
d. Carbohydrates contain a lot of oxygen, lipids do not.
Which of the following best describes the ionic composition of the inside of a cell?
a. It contains potassium and sodium.
b. It contains sodium and chloride.
c. It contains potassium and phosphate.
d. It contains calcium and phosphate.
e. It contains potassium and chloride.
c. It contains potassium and phosphate.
Why do ion gradients exist within a cell?
a. Because ions naturally seperate into distinct pools as sodium and potassium can’t be in the same fluid pool.
b. Because an active transporter called the sodium potassium pump creates high concentrations of potassium inside a cell and sodium outside.
c. Because sodium can mix with water but potassium can’t.
d. Because sodium can cross the plasma membrane freely, but potassium can’t.
e. Because the organelles in a cell attract sodium.
c. Because sodium can mix with water but potassium can’t.
Which of the following best describes aerobic metabolism compared to anaerobic metabolism?
a. Aerobic metabolism makes lactate, anaerobic metabolism makes acid.
b. In aerobic metabolism more bonds are broken in the carbohydrates, so more energy is released for ATP production.
c. In anaerobic metabolism, glucose is made, but in aerobic metabolism glucose is broken up.
d. Anaerobic metabolism needs oxygen, aerobic does not.
e. Anaerobic metabolism produces more ATP per glucose than aerobic metabolism does.
b. In aerobic metabolism more bonds are broken in the carbohydrates, so more energy is released for ATP production.
What is the cellular process of the Nucleus?
DNA transcription.
What is cellular processes of the Mitochondria?
ATP production.
What is the cellular processes of Ribosomes?
RNA translation.
What is the cellular processes of the Golgi Complex?
Organises where proteins will be sent in a cell.
What is the cellular processes of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Post translation processing (protein folding).
The kidneys are in the ______ cavity.
Pelvic.
Your nose is ______ to your ears.
Medial.
Your navel is ______ to your chin.
Inferior.
What is mRNA?
Messenger ribonucleic acid, a copy of a DNA sequence which codes for a protein.
What is tRNA?
Transfer ribonucleic acid, RNA which binds an amino acid and also binds to mRNA to generate a peptide sequence form a mRNA.
List the three major steps to ‘protein synthesis’?
- Transcription.
- Translation.
- Processing.
What is ‘transcription’ in regard to protein synthesis?
Transcription is the copying of the genetic code from DNA to RNA, in which the DNA triplet sequence is transcribed into an RNA codon sequence.
What is ‘translation’ in regard to protein synthesis?
Translation is the conversion of the genetic code from mRNA to a peptide.
What is ‘processing’ in regard to protein synthesis?
Processing occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Peptide sequences fold into correct shape and receive final functional modifications.
What is the ‘Golgi apparatus’?
The Golgi apparatus receives the proteins from the ER and packaged them into vesicles which determine where in the cell the protein will go.
What is ‘exocytosis’?
Moves substances from the cell interior into the extra cellular space. For example, hormone secretion.