Blueprints Flashcards
what are three types of scales used in construction drawing?
Architect Scale
Engineers Scale
Metric Scale
on a triangular scale what is the maximum number of different scales available on the metric scale and architectural scale?
11
what is the main difference between a metric scale and an architects scale?
The main difference between a metric and a architects scale is that the metric scale is based on increments of t10 rather than increments of 12
what is an open-divided scale?
an open-divided scale has the main units numbered along the entire length of the scale, then has a fully-subdivided extra unit that is located at one end of the scale.
what is a fully-divided scale?
a fully-divided scale fully subdivides each main unit along the entire length of the scale.
Site Plan
a site plan shows the locations of the buildings on site, the plan may show topographic features such as contour lines, landscaping, and construction features
Floor Plan
the floor plan is a sectional view taken on the horizontal plane midway between the floor and the ceiling. it shows exterior and interior walls, doors, windows, stairways
Building Elevation
these drawings are the views of the building showing its exterior features, 4 elevation drawings are required to show the design of all sides
Interior Elevation
these drawings are views of the buildings interior features, the interior elevation will indicate the features of each wall in a room. they show millwork, features, mechanical equipment
Sectional
these drawings show the construction of walls, stairs, or other details not clearly shown on the floor plans, or elevation plans
Sectional views taken through the narrow width of an entire building are known as?
Transverse sections
Sectional views take through the long dimension are known as?
Longitudinal sections
Detail
These are detail views of an arch, cornice, door, window, or retaining wall drawn to a larger scale to clearly describe it
Reflected Ceiling Plan
the reflected ceiling plan indicates the type of ceiling in each area of a building. it also indicates the location of all electrical and mechanical equipment
structural drawings: foundation plan indicates…
- the location of the piles which will support the structure of the building
- on top of these piles are formed the concrete grade beams which will support the framing of the building
structural drawings: the framing plan details…
- the structural framework of the building
structural drawings: buildings may be framed with… (2) this depends on…
- structural steel
- wood
- depends on the design & type of building
structural drawings will also include…
- sections and details providing more detailed views describing the manner in which the construction is to be performed
electrical drawings: the electrical site plan indicates… (8)
- the location of the main electrical service to the building
- the utilities supply to the main service
- the telecommunication service
- any site lighting
- power receptacles
- building exterior lighting and equipment
- rooftop equipment which requires an electrical connection
- symbol legend
electrical drawings: there may be several floor plans detailing… (5)
- lighting
- power
- communications
- fire alarm
- and emergency systems required for the building
electrical drawings: single line distribution drawings describe…
- the power distribution for the building
electrical drawings: what is included on single line distribution drawings (6)
- description of the main distribution drawing
- main service feeders
- sub-panels
- feeders
- transformers
- circuit protection
what schedules may be found on either the blueprints or in the specifications of the project? (6)
- lighting schedule
- motor schedule
- panel schedule
- fire alarm schedule
- room finish schedule
- door & window schedule
describe: lighting schedule
- lists the types of light fixtures and gives a description of each type
a motor schedule may also be called a ….
- mechanical equipment schedule
describe: motor schedule
- this schedule provides info for each motor/mech equipment required for the building operation
describe: panel schedule
- each panel has a schedule indicating all the circuits supplied from the panel
describe: fire alarm schedule
- this schedule indicates the bell circuits, automatic zones, and the monitoring zones
describe: room finish schedule
- this schedule details the finish on each wall, the ceiling, and the floor of each room in a building
describe: door & window schedule
- each type of door and window is described in this schedule
- any electrical associated w any door will be indicated on this schedule
the Electrical Division is broken down into…
- sections
in the Electrical Division, each section applies to…
- a particular topic with regards to the project
the first section in the Electrical Division is…
- a general section which provides all the general info which applies to the project construction
in the Electrical Division, other sections apply to…
- more specific items of the project
in the Electrical Division, sections are then broken down into ______ called _____
- subsections called parts
in the Electrical Division, what is Part 1
- general (related sections that apply)
in the Electrical Division, what is Part 2
- products (material, equipment, and manufacturer acceptable by the consultant)
in the Electrical Division, what is Part 3
- execution (how to proceed with the installation)
in the Electrical Division, each part is then broken down into ______ and those are then broken down into _____
- items, and each item broken down into paragraphs
which items are required to properly manage a building project? (8)
- code book
- blueprints
- specifications
- addendums
- change notice
- shop drawings
- request for info
- scale ruler
define: blueprints
- a set of drawings made up of a number of sheets
in blueprints, each sheet is ______
- each sheet is numbered
in blueprints, large sets are broken down into… (4)
- architectural
- structural
- mechanical
- electrical
- etc.
define: specifications
- written descrption of materials, construction systems, and workmanship
define: addendums
- is a written addition to the contract documents issued before the building is closed
what are purposes of addendums (4)
- clarify conflicts, errors, and omissions
- may add or reduce the scope of work
- provide additional info to bidders
- change the provisions of the contract
define: change notice (aka PCN, proposed change notice) (2)
- changes to the original contract which may add or reduce the scope of work
- contractors issue a price for extra cost for additional work or a credit for reduction of work
define: shop drawings
- electrical/mechanical: provided by the manufacturers to show the details of equipment for a specific job
ex. lighting, distribution, heating, fire alarm, etc.
define: request for information (RFI)
- a document sent to the electrical consultant when a contractor requires additional info to complete a task
when a project is completed, a contractor may be required to produce the following documents (7)
- as-built drawings
- operation and maintenace manuals
- coordination/short circuit study
- fire alarm verification
- final inspection report
- load balance report
- single line diagram
define: as-built drawings
- all changes to the project design must be shown on the blueprints and submitted to the consultant
define: operation & maintenace manual
- a binder w all the shop drawings for all the equipment supplied by the contractor, and any other info required to operate the building
define: coordination/short circuit study
- documentation providing equipment ratings, available short circuit at different points of the distribution
define: fire alarm verification
- a report documenting a fully functioning fire alarm system
define: final inspection report
- provided by the authority having jurisdiction
define: load balance report
- a document w measurements of current & voltage for panelboards, MCC’s, and transformers
single line diagram may be required to be installed in…
- may be required to be installed in building electrical rooms
on some projects you may run into discrepancies between documentation on how an installation is to be executed. what is used in these situation
- the order of hierarchy
what is the order of hierarchy
- manufacturer
- supply authority (MB hydro/city inspectors)
- C.E.C
- engineer
- addendums
- specifications
- blueprints
what are the 5 lines of construction
- dimension line
- leaders & arrowheads
- break lines
- cutting planes
- gridlines
define: dimension lines
- used to establish the dimensions of a portion of a structure and terminated w arrows, dots, and slahses at a termination line drawn perpendicular to the dimension line and concluding at a desired point
define: leaders & arrowheads
- indicate the location of a specific part of the drawing for ID purposed
- used w words, abbreviations, symbols, and keynotes
define: break points
- broken lines identify a portion of a drawing that is not included
define: cutting planes
- lines drawn to aid in the location & ID of an area of a drawing that is to be shown in a separate plan or section view
define: plan view
- a bird’s eye-view from above
define: section view
- an elevation view showing interior construction criteria
define: gridlines
- two sets of gridlines which are normally perpendicular
gridlines represent…
- the structural grid which is defined principally by column position and the main beams spanning between them
with gridlines, alphabets are used to represent…
- north and south gridlines
with gridlines, numbers are used to represent…
- east and west guidelines
most electrical circuits can be represented by 2 types of diagrams. what are they?
- wiring diagram
- schematic/ladder diagram
wiring diagrams include
- all the devices in the system and show the physical relationship between the devices
- all poles, terminals, contacts, and coils are shown on each device
wriring diagrams are useful in.. why?
- wiring circuits because the connections can be made exactly as they appear on the diagram, a wire for every line
a wiring diagram gives the necessary info for the…
- actual wiring of a circuit and provides a means of physically tracing the wires and troubleshotting the circuit
the actual physical installation & the wiring diagram coincide as far as….
- the location of the devices and wiring are concerned
what is a schematic diagram? why are they made?
- a rearrangement of the circuit elements
- made bc the wiring diagram is often a maze of lines that is very difficult to determine the electric sequence of operation of the circuits shown
schematic diagrams are also called.
- line or ladder diagrams
schematic diagrams also represent…
- the electrical circuit, but does so in the simplest manner
what are the purposes of schematic diagrams (5)
- show the components in a circuit and how they operate together
- use graphic symbols to represent components and show the function of the component
- use graphic representations of electric circuits
- shown in a de-energized state
- use graphic symbols and device designation to show how a circuit is designed to operate
in schematic diagrams, the various devices are…
- not shown in their actual physical positions
- all connections are made so that the functions and sequence of operations of the various devices and circuits can be easily traced
what is a single line diagram
- uses one line to represent how major components are laid out in a system
- reduces a system to its simplest form
describe the difference in graphic symbols between a single line diagram and schematic diagram
- uses different graphic symbols
single line diagrams are mainly used for…
- distribution systems
a riser diagram may be used for…
- showing how a particular system or circuit is connected together throughout a building
riser diagrams are often used for..
- fire alarm or communication systems showing how all the devices or components are interconnected
what are 3 basic types of blueprint scales
- the architect’s scale
- the engineer’s scale
- the metric scale
when drawings a blueprint to scale, the architect ….
- reduces all the lines in the drawing by the same ratio
ex. may use a 1/4” line in the drawing to represent an actual 1-foot segment of the building
with the architect’s scale, dimensions on the drawing should be thought of in terms of…
- the actual building dimensions
with an architect’s scale, ___ is always shown somewhere on the blueprint
- the scale
ex. 1/4” = 1 foot
what type of scale is most often used what creating site plans?
- the engineer’s scale (aka civil engineers scale)
how does an engineer scale differ from an architect’s scale
- each inch in an engineer’s scale is divided into 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 equal unit
in an engineer scale, the units can be … (5)
- inches
- feet
- yards
- miles
- or whatever else the engineer desires
in an engineer scale, the unit chosen depends on..
- the drawing size
- however, in all cases, the unit chosen must be divisible by a power of ten
ex. the scale may be 1 inch = 100 feet, 1 inch = 1000 feet, etc.
as with the archiects scale, the object being drawn should be thought of as _____, using the engingeer’s scale
- thought of as full size
ex. if the scale is 1 inch = 20 feet, and the measurement on the drawing is 3”, the measurement is considered to be 60 feet (3x20=60)
what type of drawings often use a metric scale?
- architectural drawings
the metric scale uses a ____ to measure distance
- meter
in a metric scale, ________ representing multiple meters are often attached
- prefixes
ex. decameter = 10m, a hectometer = 100m, a kilometer = 1000m
in a metric scale, what other prefixes may be used?
- prefixes which represent subdivisions of meters
ex. a decimeter = 1/10 of a meter, centimeter = 1/100 of a meter, a milimeter = 1/1000 of a meter
when floor plans use the metric system, the measurements are usually carried out ___ decimal places when meters are used
- three
what is the main difference between a metric scale and an architect’s scale
- the metric scale is based on increments of ten rather than increments of 12
what is most commonly used in the metric scale
- the milimeter
in order to create a reduced drawing, the architect uses…
- a scale or a ruler
with scales, the scale may either look like….
- a regular ruler
- or shape of a triangle
on a triangular scale, there are ___ scales available on each surface of the triangle. what is the difference between these scales
- there are 2 scales
- one reads left to right
- the other reads right to left
ex. the 1/4” = 1 foot scale may start at one end, and the 1/8” = 1 foot scale may start from the other end
T or F: all drawings do not have to be draw to scale
True
a drawing marked not to scale (NTS) is normally used to show…
- some unusual feature or installation procedure
NTS drawings may be…
- drawn to a different scale than that used on the rest of the blueprints, and the dimension measurements are given as full size
all scales are distinctly different, however all scales can either be…. (2)
- open divded or
- fully divided
what is an open-divided scale
- has the main units numbered along the entire length of the scale
- this scale then has a fully-subdivided extra unit that is located at one end of the scale
- this section shows the fractional properties of the main unit
often, open divided scales have ____ measuring systems on one side
- two
when reading an open-divided scale, it is important for the use to always…
- start at the zero line and not the beginning of the fully subdivded section
what is a fully divded scale
- fully subdivides each main unit along the entire length of the scale
