Bluebooking (briefs, opinions) Flashcards
In _____ legal documents, such as ____ and _____, citations appear within the document directly after the proposition
Non-academic; Briefs; Opinions
In non-academic legal documents, footnotes should only be used when allowed by _______
Local court rules
A citation may be inserted in 2 ways (SC)
- Citation sentence (stand-alone)
2. Citation clause
Use citation sentences to cite sources that relate to the _______ preceding sentence
Entire
Citation clauses are set off from the text by _____ and ________ follow the proposition
Commas; Immediately
Use citation clauses to cite sources that relate to ______ part of a sentence
Only one
A _______ shorthand message to reader about the relationship between _____ and source
Signal; Proposition
(No signal) (3)
- Directly states proposition
- Source of quotation
- Mentioned in proposition
E.g.
Source of one of multiple authorities stating the same proposition
Accord (2)
- Source is one of multiply authorities directly stating or supporting the proposition
- One of other authorities was mentioned in the proposition
See
Authority supports, but does not directly state the proposition
See also
Additional material supporting the proposition
Cf.
Authority is different from the main proposition, but sufficiently analogous to provide support
Contra
Authority directly states a proposition contrary to the main proposition
But see
Authority clearly supports a proposition that contradicts the main proposition
But cf.
Authority supports a proposition analogous to the contrary of the main proposition
See generally
Authority is helpful background material for the proposition
What is the order of signals in a citation sentence? (10)(NEASSCCBBS)
- No signal
- E.g.,
- Accord
- See
- See also
- Cf.
- Contra
- But see
- But cf.
- See generally
Separate authorities within each ____ with _____
Signal; Semicolons
What is the order of authorities? (8) (CSFSLACS) *(FSF)
- Constitutions (federal-state-foreign)
- Statutes (federal-state-foreign)
- Federal cases
- State cases
- Legislative materials
- Administrative materials
- Court documents
- Secondary materials
What is the order of authority for federal cases? (D)
Descending authority
What is the order of authority for state cases? (AD)
- Alphabetical by state
2. Descending order of authority within state
What is the order of authority for legislative materials? (BHRD)
- Bills
- Hearings
- Reports
- Debates
What is the order of authority for administrative materials? (ERP)
- Executive orders
- Regulations
- Proposed rules
What is the order of authority for court documents? (RBP)
- Records
- Briefs
- Petitions
What is the order of authority for secondary materials? (RBAI)
- Restatements
- Books
- Articles
- Internet sources
______ is the equivalent of italics
Underscoring
What information should be italicized in a citation clause? (7) (CTTIECW)
- Case names, including procedural phrases introducing case names
- Titles of books/articles
- Titles of legislative material
- Introductory signals
- Explanatory phrases introducing subsequent case history
- Cross reference (e.g., id., supra)
- Words/phrases introducing related authority (e.g., quoted in)
What information is italicized in the brief itself? (TWA)
- Titles of publications (e.g., New York Times)
- Words italicized in the original quotation
- Any other word that would be italicized (e.g., uncommon foreign word)
Large/Small _____ are not required (but may be used for stylistic purposes)
Caps
How do you cite a footnote?
Example: US v. Carolene, 304 U.S. 144, 152 n.4
When can you use “supra” and “hereinafter”?
Legislative hearings Court filings Books Pamphlets Reports Unpublished materials Non-print resources Periodicals Decisions of intergovernmental organizations
When can you NOT use “supra” and “hereinafter”?
Cases Statutes Constitutions Legislative material Restatements Model codes
A quotation within quotation can be cited by indicating that _______
citation has been omitted
Ex: (citation omitted)
Quotations of ____ or more words should be in ______
50; Block quotations
Spell out numbers from _____
Zero to Ninety-nine
Use _____ for larger numbers (100
Numerals; Begin a sentence
Only capitalize party designations (e.g., plaintiff, defendant, appellant) when referring to parties that is ______
Subject of the document
A full case citation includes 5 components (NSPOS)
- Name
- Source (published or unpublished)
- Parenthetical (court, year)
- Other parentheticals
- Subsequent history
Omit _____ other than the first party listed before/after “v.”
All other parties
Omit words indicating _______ parties (e.g., et al) and ________ names (e.g., a.k.a.)
Multiple; Alternative
