Blue Boxes Flashcards
This is the combined stress on epiphysial plates from physical activity and rapid growth. It may result in irritation and injury of the developing bone.
Osteochondrosis
This occurs with sudden acceleration or deceleration forces, which result in a small part of bone with a piece of tendon or ligament attached to be torn away.
Avulsion fracture
Herniation of discs are in what directions?
Posterior and lateral
Necrosis of femoral head due to tear in round ligament in fat pad between the acetabulum and head of femur (ligamentum teres). This means that the _____ artery cannot supply blood to the head of the femur, which is typically 20-30% of the femoral head’s blood supply.
Bo Jackson injury
Obturator artery
What is the unhappy triad?
Injury to ACL, medial (tibial) collateral ligament, and lateral meniscus
What are the three things that come out of the greater sciatic foramen and go into the lesser sciatic foramen?
Pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery, & nerve to obturator interus and superior gemellus
What two ligaments form the borders for both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
Sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament
What is the only thing that exists the lesser sciatic foramen?
Obturator interus muscle
What are the components of the cruciate anastomosis?
1st perforating branch of deep femoral artery, transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery, transverse medial circumflex femoral artery, and inferior gluteal artery
What are the components of the knee anastomosis?
saphenous branch of descending genicular artery & descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
What are the components of the scapular anastomosis?
suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, posterior intercostal arteries, circumflex scapular artery, and thoracodorsal artery
This muscle pulls the patellar bursa out of the way when you extend the knee
Articularis genu
What is the Triangle of Auscultation?
Under trap/deltoid (armpit area) where there is less tissue, so it is easier to hear breathing sounds
What is the name of the area where there is a slight weakening in lateral abdominal wall (right above the hip) and is prone to herniation.
Lumbar Triangle
If a patient has paralysis of anterior and lateral compartments of the leg, causing waddling gait by leaning to opposite side, a swing-out gait of affected leg, and/or have a high stepping gate of affected leg, the patient has foot drop. This means the _____ nerve is injured or severed.
Common fibular nerve
This is caused by forceful compression of C1 from top of head which causes lateral masses compression between the occipital condyles along with fracture of anterior or posterior arches (diving accidents, roll over car accidents). The rupturing of the transverse ligament is characteristic of this as well.
Jefferson Fracture (Burst Fracture)
This type of fracture shows traumatic spondylolysis of C2, which occurs with hyperextension of the head on the neck (whiplash) resulting in fracture of bony column of superior and inferior articular processes
Hangman’s Fracture / Scottie Dog
This is ossification of the talus. The lateral tubercle fails to unite with the talus, resulting in a bone. 14-25% of adults have this, and it is common in soccer players and ballerinas.
Os Trigonum
Varicose veins are when _____ vein becomes dilated, so the cusps of the valves do not close. Lower limb veins are subject to ______ after a fracture, causing thrombophlebitis.
the great saphenous vein
venous thrombosis
This is done by making a skin incision anterior to the medial malleolus in order to insert a cannula for prolonged administration of blood, plasma expanders, or drugs.
Saphenous cutdown
Handyman wearing a tool belt has numbness and tinging in his lower extremity. What nerve is being impeded? This also occurs in girls who wear skinny jeans.
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Contusion (bursted capillaries/bruise) of the iliac crest at the anterior part, usually occurring within contact sports
Hip Pointer
This is usually due to tearing of fibers of rectus femoris, sometimes the quads. It involves cramping of individual thigh muscle due to ischemia or contusion.
Charley horse
Narrower vertebral foramen – hereditary anomaly and causes compression of vertebral nerve roots. Lumbar spinal stenosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis
L5 fuses with sacrum and causes back pain
Sacralization
Extra rib (supernumerary rib) causes impingement of brachial plexus and large vessels in the region. Both vascular and neurogenic symptoms
Thoracic outlet syndrome
This disease is abnormal kyphosis. It can cause thoracic disc herniation.
Scheuerman’s disease
Horizontal blow/trauma to the head or neck creates what fracture?
Fracture of the Dens
Turning head rapidly can cause dizziness and confusion. This is because of what?
Vertebral artery impingement (it runs thru the transverse foramen)
Keeping head turned for long periods of time can cause dizziness due to _____ ____. This is called _____ _____ Syndrome
vertebral artery impingement
Bow Hunter’s Syndrome
If angle between head/neck and shoulder are increased (waiters tip position), what is injured?
Superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5 and C6)
Duchennes Limp (Trendelenburg’s gait) indicates what?
Superior gluteal nerve damage
–weak gluteus medius and minimus
What does the femoral sheath not contain that the femoral triangle does?
The femoral nerve
What does a femoral hernia go through?
Femoral ring
What does an indirect inguinal hernia go through?
Deep inguinal ring
This is caused by compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament, causing pain along lateral thigh.
meralgia paresthetica
What vessel would you inject dye for radiographic visualization, deploy stents, angioplasty, etc.?
Femoral artery
The patellar reflex (AKA: ______) tests what nerve root?
Westphal’s sign
L2-L4 (Femoral nerve)
Where does a groin pull typically occur?
On the PROXIMAL attachments of the thigh (strain/stretching/probable tearing = groin pull)
What is the important function of the sustentaculum tali?
Supports talus and provides groove for flexor hallucis longus
What forms the dynamic arch of the foot?
Tibialis Posterior and Anterior muscles.
Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis longus
Intrinsic plantar muscles
Which head of the gastrocnemius can have a sesamoid bone?
Lateral head - called a fabella (in 3-5% of ppl)
What is the plantaris commonly used for in surgical procedures?
reconstruction of hand tendons
How is the plantaris usually damaged?
Violent ankle movements (sudden dorsiflexion) - basketball players, sprinters, and ballet dancers
What does the tibial nerve terminate as?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
What does the fibular artery anastomose with?
Anterior lateral malleolar artery
If a patient has leg cramps and pain when walking that disappears after resting, what structure would you palpate, where, and what are you looking for?
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior surface of medial malleolus, deep to flexor retinaculum (must relax muscle by inverting foot)
Occlusive peripheral artery disease
What is the most commonly injured joint in the body and what is the ligament?
Ankle Joint - Anterior TaloFibular ligament
Pneumonic: Always Tears First
