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Perfusion Circuits > Blue Book > Flashcards

Blue Book Flashcards

1
Q

what is the venous reservoir bag made of

A

polyvinlychloride, a polymer, and a holder for support

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2
Q

what is commonly thought as the major advantage of the venous reservoir bag?

A

safety

the bag empties and collapses when the venous return stops. the collapsed bag is supposed to prevent air from being pumped out of the bag

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3
Q

what is the flaw in the thought that a venous reservoir bag is safer?

A

the collapsed bag does not prevent air from being pulled out of solution due to the occluded outlet line,

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4
Q

what are disadvantages of using the venous reservoir bag?

A

difficulty of air evacuation
volume management and increased venous return resistance
vacuum suction cannot be applied to the bag
air in the bag can be difficult to manage

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5
Q

what does having an external craniotomy help with in a bag circuit?

A

holding place for volume

venous bags can only hold about 3000ml. when the bag is full of volume, that causes increased resistance which can lead to a decrease in venous drainage.
if you hold volume in the reservoir, you decrease the venous resistance and allow the heart to empty out more

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6
Q

what is usually the size of a cradiotomy filter?

A

40 um

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7
Q

what does the defoamer inside the cardiotomy reservoir do?

A

alters the surface tension of bubbles and causes them to dissipate

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8
Q

what are the three types of membrane oxygenators?

A

filled flat plate membrane
flat plate membrane
hollow fiber membrane

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9
Q

what is the rolled flat plate membrane made of?

A

silicone

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10
Q

what is the flat plate membrane and the hollow fiber membrane made of?

A

polypropylene

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11
Q

what is gas transfer across an oxygenator membrane due to?

A

permeability of the membrane to the gas and the driving pressure of that gas

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12
Q

how does gas transfer move

A

from high to low pressure

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13
Q

the driving pressure of a gas is ____ _____ of other gases that may be present

A

totally independent

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14
Q

the rate of exchange is determined by what

A

by the pressure differential of the gas on either side of the membrane and permeability of the membrane to the fas

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15
Q

the greater the pressure differential is,

A

the greater the rate of exchange becomes

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16
Q

the greater the permeability of the gas is,

A

the greater the rate of exchange becomes

17
Q

transfer rate =

A

driving pressure x permeability

18
Q

what does oxygen capacity measure

A

the max amount of oxygen that the blood is capable of carrying

19
Q

what is the formula for oxygen capacity (O2 capacity)

*assuming that the hemoglobin is 100% saturated

A

1.34 x Hgb + .003 pO2

expressed as volumes % (m O2/ 100 mL blood)

20
Q

what is the ml of O2 that is carried by one gram of hemoglobin

A

1.34

21
Q

If the saturation is not 100%, then the amount of oxygen carried is different. What is this value known as

A

oxygen content

22
Q

what is the formula for the O2 content

A

1.34 x Hgb x % saturation (in decimal) + .003 x pO2

23
Q

what is the formula for oxygen saturation (%)

A

oxygen content / oxygen capacity

24
Q

what is an oxygenators oxygen transfer rate?

A

due to the manufacturer’s design and membrane permeability to oxygen, the oxygen transfer rate is the amount of oxygen a membrane will transfer on each pass regardless of the venous saturation

25
Q

what are heat exchangers made of?

A

either stainless steel, aluminum, or polypropylene

26
Q

what are the three type of blood filters

A

screen, depth, or combination

27
Q

what is a screen filter

A

woven mesh material, usually Dacron, with a defined pore size

28
Q

what is a depth filter

A

formed by a packing material such as glass wool, Dacron wool, or polyurethane foam and does not have a defined pore size

29
Q

filtration is a filter depends on

A

the thickness and the tightness of the packing

30
Q

what kind of filter are usually found in cardiotomies?

A

combination filters

31
Q

what is an “unfiltered” cardiotomy

A

pore size of 70-180

they then must filter the blood again prior to infusing the patient

32
Q

what is a “filtered” cardiotomy

A

usually 20-40 micron filter will eliminate more particulate matter

33
Q

how big is a filter for banked blood

A

usually 40 microns

34
Q

where is the retrograde cannula placed?

A

placed into the coronary sinus through the right atrium

35
Q

what is the balloon on the retrograde cannula for?

A

when inflated, prevents the flow of the cardioplegia back into the right atrium
the flow is, instead, forced backwards through the coronary veins, capillaries, and arteries

Perfusion Circuits (5 decks)

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