Blue baby

Question 1

What are types of cyanosis?

Answer 1

Peripheral cyanosis (blueness of hands and feet) when a child is cold or unwell or with polycythaemia

Central cyanosis, tongue
Associated with a fall in arterial blood oxygen

Question 2

What is normal SaO2 for an infant?

What RR indicates respiratory distress in infant?

Answer 2

94% +

>60 breaths/min

Question 3

What are causes of cyanosis in newborn infant with respiratory distress?

Answer 3

Cardiac - cyanotic CHD
Respiratory - RDS, meconium aspiration, pulmonary hypoplasia
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn - failure of pulmonary vascular resistance to fall after birth
Infection - sepsis from GBS
Inborn error of metabolism - acidosis and shock

Question 4

What are symptoms for left to right shunt? Examples

Answer 4

Breathless or asymptomatic

ASD
VSD
PDA

Question 5

What are symptoms of right-to-left shunt? Examples?

Answer 5

Blue

Tetralogy of fallot
TGA

Question 6

What are symptoms of common mixing? Examples?

Answer 6

Breathless and blue

AVSD
Comple CHD

Question 7

What are causes of well children with cardiac obstruction?

Answer 7

Aortic stenosis

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 8

What are causes of sick shocked neonates with obstruction?

Answer 8

Coarctation of the aorta

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome