Blub Flashcards
2 categories of Tetracyclines
Short and long acting
Mechanism of action of Tetracyclines
30s ribosome subunit inhibition - protein synthesis inh.
Mode of action of tetracyclines
BActeriostatic
Resistance against tetracyclines
common esp. in Enterobacteriaceae
Special Bacteria Tetracyclines are active against
- Borrelia spp.
- Chamydophila spp.
- Rickettsia spp.
- Mycoplasma spp.
Protozoa Tetracyclines are active against
- Anaplasma
- Theileria
- Eperythrozoon
- Babesia
Distribution of Tetracyclines
Good to excellent
p.o. abs. of short acting tetracyclines
variable 30-60%
p.o. abs. of long acting tetracyclines
very good 90-100%
Are tetracyclines safe drugs
Techn. yes but not in horse and rodents
What do tetracycl. cause in Eq and Rodents
- DYSBACTERIOSIS
- superinf.
- nephrotoxoic, hepatotoxic
- yellow discolouration
Name the active substances of Tetracyclines
- chlortetracycline
- oxytetracycline
- doxycycline
- minocycline
Name the indications for the use of tetracyclines
- resp., u.t., g.i., - infections
- chlamydiosis
- lyme disease
- rickettsiosis
- ehrlichiosis
- metritis
What kind of appl. for tetracyclines
topical appl.
how can Macrolides and lincosamides both be categorized
- lipophilic
- alkalytic
- not to be used in eq
Mech. of action of macrolides
inhib. of prot. synth. - 50s rib. subunit - bacteriostatic
Name the BBspectrum of Macrolides
- mainly G+ and fastidious Bb
- mycoplasm.
- b.hyodysenteriae
Name the fastidious organisms
-pasteurella,mannheimia,actinobacillus,haemophillus
Which MAcrolide is acid sensitive
Erythromycin
What must be thought of when applying Macolides
that they are tissue irritants
What does B.hyodysenteriae cause
su dysentery
What Macrolide would be indicated in R.equi
Erythromycin, Azythromycin, Clarithromycin
What are the two versions of Tylosin and what’s the difference
- Tylosn.phosphate - p.o. abs. worse - Su dysentery
- Tylosin-tartarate - p.o. abs. better
Where might Tilmicosin act toxic
Cardiovascular system
Which is the best macrolide against B.Hyodysenteriae
Tylvalosin
Which Macrolide maintains a high cc in the lungs so 1 injection suffices?
Tulathromycin
Which tetracyclines are excreted via urine?
Short acting tetracyclines
Which are the short acting tetracyclines
- Tetracycline
- Oxytetracycline
- Chlortetracycline
What’s the best choice for anaerobic bb
Macrolides
Name the lincosamides
Lincomycine, Clindamycine
Name diseases treatable with doxycycline
- Borrhelia
- Chlamydophilae
- Rickettsiae
- Mycoplasm.
- Metritis
- Protozoa: Theileria, Anaplasma, Eperythrozoon, Wohlbachia, Babesia
- Ehrlichiosis
Most toxic aminoglycoside?
Neomycin
Which can penetrate intracellularly?
Tetracyclines
Treating oral cavity infections
Lincosamides
High concentration in bronchial fluid after hours of administration
Gamithromycine - effective for 10-15 days
Which Macrolide can be used in horses and how
for R.euqi in foals under 6months of age
- Azithromycine
- Clarithromycine
- Erythromycine
- Gamithromycine
Mechanism of action of aminoglycosides
30s subunit, bactericidal - except: Spectinomycine
Side effects of aminoglycosides
- nephrotoxic
- ototoxic
- neuromuscular block
Describe hot plate mouse
- control: undrugged mouse
- drugged mice
- plate heated to 52°
- frequency of licking and picking leg up
- comparing the frequency
Macrolide which has cardio toxic effect?
Tilmicosine
Aminoglycosides used for which Bb
- Mycobact.
- Mycoplasm.
Tail flick test
- tail radiated
- time measured until animal moves tail
- compare
Tetracyclines resistance
resistance common esp. among enterobacteriaceae
Mech. of action of resistance against tetracyclines
- impaired uptake of ab
- incr. efflux
- Ab ovo/acquired
Sideeffects of pleuromutulins
- skin erythema - peri anal region
- vulvular oedema
- dysbacteriosis in eq and rod
- toxic interactions with ionophores
describe pleuromutilins
very similar characteristics to macrolides
-Tiamulin
-Valnemulin
primary drugs for swine dysentery
Side effect of lincosamides
- severe dysbacteriosis
- tissue irritation
- vomiting
Clindamycin use?
- oral cavity-, resp-inf
- toxoplasm.
- osteomyelitis
- joint inf.
- dermatitis
- anal succulitis
- abscesses
Yellowish discoloration
tetracyclines due to high aff. to Ca
GI inf due to E.coli/ Salmonella - indications?
for aminoglycosides
Side effects of tetracyclines
- oral inf
- GI disturb.
- dysbacteriosis
- IV admin may cause hypotension and shock
- tissue necrosis
- yellow discoloration
- hepatotoxicity
- nephrotoxicity
- photosensitivity
Short acting tetracyclines
- tetracycline
- chlortetracycline
- oxytretracycline
Which organisms are susc. to tetracyclines
- borrelia spp.
- chlamydophila
- rickettsia spp.
- mycoplasm.
- Protozoa: Anaplasma, theileria, eperythrozoon
Doxycycline indi.
- heartworm
- borrelia
- ehrlichiosis
- bordatella bronchiseptica - kennel cough
Aminoglyc. act. against P.aeruginosa
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Gentamycin
Prohibited in food prod. animals
Chloramphenicol
Ab acting on bb cell wall
Aminoglycosides
Synergises with spectinomycin
lincomycin (30s) (Spectinomycin 50s)
-used against mycoplasm inf.
1st choice for Su dysentery
Tylvalosin
1st choice for gingivitis
Clindamycin
1st choice for Borrelia
Doxycycline
1st choice for wohlbachia
tetracyclines
1st choice for antibiotic responsive diarrhoea
tylosin
1st choice for L.i.c.
Tiamulin
Which macrolides can only used in young horses (under 6 m of age)
- Azithromycine
- Clarithromycine
- Erythromycine
- Gamithromycine
Drugs for ophtalmic treatment
- neomycin
- tobramycin
- bacitracin
- polymyxins
mode of action of macrolides
bacteriostatic
Name macrolides used in small animals and humans
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Roxithromycin
What drug is nowadays obsolete for su dysentery
Tylosin
What replaces tylosin
Tylvalosin
Where is heat used as a pain inducer
- Hot plate method
- Tail immersion test
- tail flick test
Name drug groups acting on 30s subunit
Aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
Name drug group acting on 50s subunit
Macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols, pleuromutulins
Drugs against L.ic
Tylosin, Tylvalosin, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Valnemulin
Which tetracyclines is better orally absorbed
long acting
What are the long acting tetracyclines
Doxycycline, Minocycline
