BLS Review Flashcards
Which of the following is a sign that someone is experiencing anaphylaxis?
A) Symptoms developing quickly but getting worse slowly
B) Person responding well to oral antihistamines
C) Presence of a medical alert bracelet or necklace
D) Life-threatening breathing or circulation problems
D
What is the correct chest compression depth for a child?
A) At least one half the depth of the chest, or approximately 7.6 cm (3 inches)
B) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 4 cm (1½ inches)
C) At least one fourth the depth of the chest, or approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch)
D) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 5 cm (2 inches)
D
Adult: at least 5cm
Child: 1/3 depth of the chest, approximately 5cm
Infant: 1/3 depth of the chest, approximately 4cm
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 9-year-old child when she suddenly becomes unresponsive. After you shout for nearby help, what is the most appropriate action to take next?
A) Begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions
B) Check for a pulse
C) Continue performing abdominal thrusts
D) Provide 5 back slaps followed by 5 chest thrusts
A
What action should you take when more rescuers arrive?
A) Direct the team to assign a Team Leader and roles while you continue CPR
B Wait for the most experienced rescuer to provide direction to the team
C) Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes or more frequently if needed to avoid fatigue
D) Continue CPR while the AED is attached, even if you are fatigued
C
f you think someone might be having a stroke, what should be the first thing you do?
A) Start first aid on the individual
B) Give the person an injection of alteplase.
C) Wait an hour and then phone 9-1-1
D) Quickly check for signs of stroke
D
What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult?
A) 30 compressions to 2 breaths
B) 15 compressions to 2 breaths
C) 10 compressions to 2 breaths
D) 100 compressions to 2 breaths
A
What does the stroke acronym F.A.S.T. stand for?
A) Face, arm, sudden weakness, time to start CPR
B) Face, arms, speech, time
C) Falling down, arms, slurring words, time to start first aid
D) Falling down, arms, speech, time
B
Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive abdominal thrusts?
A) A woman who is obviously pregnant
B) An average-size 9-month-old infant
C) An obese 50-year-old man
D) An average-size 27-year-old man
D
You are attempting to rescue a person who has experienced drowning. What do you do if there are no signs of breathing?
A) Attempt to clear the airway of aspirated water
B) Open the airway and administer rescue breaths
C) Use spinal stabilization regardless of neck injury
D) Perform abdominal thrusts to remove any water
B
A 53-year-old man collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness his collapse and are the first rescuer at the scene, where the man is lying motionless on the floor. Which is the first action you should take in this situation?
Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
Start providing rescue breaths
Activate the emergency response system
Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim
D
How are rescue actions for cardiac arrest due to drowning different from the rescue actions for sudden cardiac arrest?
Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to give the person oxygen
Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to give the person CPR
Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to give chest compressions
Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to locate an ambulance
A
Which is the preferred technique for giving rescue breaths to an infant?
Mouth-to-mouth
Any method is acceptable
Mouth-to-nose
Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose
D
What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival?
High-quality CPR
Advanced life support
Defibrillation
Prevention
C
Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED?
Removing the victim from water
Finding the victim’s implanted pacemaker
Shaving the victim’s hairy chest
Placing the pads on the victim’s bare chest
D
What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victim’s side?
Press the Analyze button
Power on the AED
Press the Shock button
Apply the pads
B
The Team Leader asks you to perform bag-mask ventilation during a resuscitation attempt, but you have not perfected that skill. What would be an appropriate action to acknowledge your limitations?
Pretend you did not hear the request and hope the Team Leader chooses someone else to do it
Tell the Team Leader you are not comfortable performing that task
Try to do it as best you can and hope another team member will see you struggling and take over
Pick up the bag-mask device and give it to another team member
B
What is important to remember about AED pad placement on infants?
You may need to place 1 pad on the chest and 1 on the back, according to the diagrams on the pads
Place 1 adult pad on the chest
If child AED pads are not available, do not use the AED
Ensure that pads overlap each other in very small infants
C
Which victim would need only rescue breathing?
Breathing with a weak pulse
Agonal gasping with no pulse
No breathing and no pulse
No breathing and a pulse
D
Your roommate uses opioids. You find him unresponsive with no breathing, but he has a strong pulse. You suspect an opioid overdose. A friend is phoning 9-1-1 and looking for the naloxone kit. What action should you take?
Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 6 seconds
Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
Remain with your roommate until the naloxone arrives and administer it immediately
Provide rapid defibrillation with an AED
A
Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
Cardiac problem
Congenital or acquired heart defect
Respiratory failure or shock
Infection and sepsis
C
For what age victim is the 2 thumb–encircling hands technique recommended?
An infant younger than 1 year
An infant older than 1 year
A child older than 3 years of age
A child younger than 3 years of age
A
What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult?
A rate of 80 to 100 compressions per minute and a depth of approximately 4cm (1½ inches)
A rate of 120 to 140 compressions per minute and a depth of approximately 6.4 cm (2.4 inches)
A rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute and a depth of approximately 2.5cm (1 inch)
A rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 5 cm (2 inches)
D
Where on the body should you administer an epinephrine injection?
On the person’s torso, about halfway between the hip and the ribs
On the person’s thigh, about halfway between the hip and the knee
On the person’s arm, about halfway between the elbow and the wrist
On the person’s neck, about halfway between the ear and the shoulder
B
Which of these is not an opioid?
Morphine
Naloxone
Hydromorphone
Heroin
B
A 25-year-old female collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness her collapse and are the first rescuer at the scene, where the woman is lying motionless on the floor. You verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim. The woman doesn’t respond when you tap her shoulders and shout, “Are you OK?” What is your best next action?
Check her pulse
Start high-quality CPR
Shout for nearby help
Start providing rescue breaths
C
If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should you take?
Turn off the implanted device before applying the AED pads
Consider using pediatric pads to decrease the shock dose delivered
Avoid using the AED to prevent damage to the implanted device
Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device
B
After performing high-quality CPR for 5 minutes, the Team Leader frequently interrupts chest compressions to check for a pulse. Which action demonstrates constructive intervention?
Suggest resuming chest compressions without delay
Say nothing that contradicts the Team Leader
Ask another rescuer what he thinks should be done
Wait until the debriefing session afterward to discuss it
A
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
Shopping centres
Healthcare clinics
Recreational facilities
Homes
D
What is the correct chest compression depth for an infant?
At least one fourth the depth of the chest, or approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch)
At least one half the depth of the chest, or approximately 6.4 cm (2½ inches)
At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 4 cm (1½ inches)
At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 5 cm (2 inches)
C
If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method for opening the airway?
Avoid opening the airway
Head tilt–neck lift
Jaw thrust
Head tilt–chin lift
C
Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation?
Using the mouth-to-mask breathing technique
Delivering each breath over 1 second
Giving rapid, shallow breaths
Using a bag-mask device for delivering ventilation
B
Which is an example of a mild foreign-body airway obstruction?
Inability to speak or cry
Cyanosis (blue lips or skin)
High-pitched noise while inhaling
Wheezing between coughs
D
What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a 7-year-old child when 2 or more rescuers are present?
15 compressions to 1 breath
20 compressions to 2 breaths
15 compressions to 2 breaths
30 compressions to 2 breaths
C
You notice someone showing all the signs of a severe allergic reaction. What is the first and most important action you should take?
Call an advanced responder
Give the person an oral antihistamine
Locate an external defibrillator
Use the epinephrine device
D
What should you do when using an AED on an infant or a child younger than 8 years of age?
Use adult AED pads if the AED does not have child pads
Use adult AED pads, but cut them in half
Never use adult AED pads
Use adult AED pads
A
If a manual defibrillator is not available for an infant victim, which action should you take?
Wait for advanced care to arrive
Perform high-quality CPR
Cut the adult pad to fit the infant
Use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator
D
How often should rescue breaths be given in infants and children when a pulse is felt?
1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds
1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds
1 breath every 8 to 10 seconds
1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
A
What is the appropriate action to demonstrate closed-loop communication when the Team Leader assigns you a task?
Nod your head as an acknowledgment of the assigned task
Repeat back to the Team Leader the task assigned to you
Wait for the Team Leader to address you by name before you acknowledge the task
Start performing the assigned tasks, but do not speak, to minimize noise
B
Which of the following populations is most likely to show atypical signs of a heart attack, like shortness of breath and dizziness?
People who are overweight
White, middle-aged men
Individuals with diabetes
Younger-aged individuals
C
What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3-year-old child?
15 compressions to 2 breaths
30 compressions to 2 breaths
20 compressions to 2 breaths
15 compressions to 1 breath
B
A 75-year-old man collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness his collapse and are the first rescuer at the scene, where the man is lying motionless on the floor. You verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim. The man doesn’t respond when you tap his shoulders and shout, “Are you OK? You shout for nearby help. Several rescuers respond, and you ask them to activate the emergency response system and retrieve the AED. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making snorting sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is your best next action?
Find someone to help by retrieving the nearest AED
Monitor the victim until additional, more experienced help arrives
Provide rescue breathing by delivering 1 breath every 6 seconds
Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
D
You encounter an unresponsive 56-year-old woman who has been taking hydromorphone for postsurgical pain. She is not breathing and has no pulse. You notice that her medication bottle is empty and suspect an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. A colleague activates the emergency response system and is retrieving the AED and naloxone. What is the most appropriate action for you to take next?
Provide 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds until naloxone arrives
Wait for the naloxone to arrive before doing anything
Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
Provide rapid defibrillation with the AED
C
What action should you take while the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm?
Stand clear of the victim
Give rescue breaths only
Check the pulse
Continue chest compressions
A
What is CCF?
Another term for chest recoil
Compression-to-ventilation ratio
Proportion of time that rescuers perform chest compressions during CPR
The force you use to compress the chest
C
