BLS drugs Flashcards
acetaminophen
Class: analgesic, antipyretic
Adult Dosage: 325-1000mg PO q4-6hrs
Peds Dosage: 15mg/kg PO/PR q4-6hrs
MOA: COX pathway inhibitor; decreasing prostaglandin synthesis
Indication: mild-moderate pain
Contraindication: severe hepatic impairment (liver); hypersensitivity; cold/flu meds
Pharmacokinetic: onset- 15min IV; 60min PO. Duration 4-6hrs
ibuprofen
Class: analgesic, NSAID
Adult Dosage: 400-800mg PO q6-8hrs
Peds Dosage: 10mg/kg PO q6-8hrs
MOA: COX pathway inhibitor; decreasing prostaglandin synthesis. Anti-inflammatory
Indication: mild-moderate pain
Contraindication: renal disease/dialysis; GI bleeds; hypersensitivity
Pharmacokinetic: onset- 30-60min PO. Duration 4-6hrs
Anaphylactoid reactions may occur. increase risk of thrombosis. May cause bronchospasm and contraindicate steroids
acetylsalicylic acid
Class: antiplatelet, analgesic
Adult Dosage: 324-650mg PO (324mg cardiac)
Peds Dosage: n/a
MOA: COX pathway inhibitor; decreasing thromboxane A2. Anti-inflammatory
Indication: CP, ACS, MI, pain control
Contraindication: GI bleeds; peptic ulcer; hypersensitivity to NSAID
Pharmacokinetic: (cardiac) onset- 20min PO. Duration 4-6hrs (platelet inhibition 10days)
Concurrent NSAID/anticoagulant use increases bleeding risk.
diphenhydramine
Class: antihistamine
Adult Dosage: 25-50mg PO
Peds Dosage: 1mg/kg PO max 50mg
MOA: H1 histamine antagonist; acetylcholine antagonist.
Indication: mild-severe allergic reactions
Contraindication: newborns/preme infants; hypersensitivity
Pharmacokinetic: onset- rapid. Duration 4-6hrs
Potentiated by other CNS depressants, narcotic, ETOH. MAOI may prilong and intensify anticholinergic effects.
epinephrine 1:1,000
Class: sympathomimetic
Adult Dosage: 0.3-0.5mg IM q5min x3.
Peds Dosage: <30kg = .15mg IM q5min x3.
MOA: catacholamine; α-, β1,β2 agonist. Positive ino-,domo-, and chronotropic effects. Vasopressor. Broncho dilator.
Indication: anaphylaxis
Contraindication: None
Pharmacokinetic: onset- variable. Duration 1-4 hrs.
albuterol
Class: sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
Adult Dosage: 2.5-5mg neb q5minPRN
Peds Dosage: 1.25-2.5mg neb q5minPRN
MOA: β2 agonist. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Mild chronotropic effect.
Indication: Bronchospasm, COPD
Contraindication: newborns/preme infants; hypersensitivity
Pharmacokinetic: onset- rapid. Duration 4-6hrs
activated charcoal
Class: antidote
Adult Dosage: 1g/kg max50g
Peds Dosage: 1g/kg max50g
MOA: Absorbes ingested toxins/chemicals. Reduces bioavailability.
Indication: Toxic ingestion <1hr.
Contraindication: cyanide, mineral scid, caustic alkalis, organic solvents, iron. Airway compromise and/or AMS.
Pharmacokinetic: onset- immediate. Duration none
naloxone
Class: Antidote, opiate reversal agent
Adult Dosage: 0.4-2mg IM/IN q3-5minPRN
Peds Dosage: 0.1mg IM/IN q3-5minPRN
MOA: opiate antagonist
Indication: suspected opiate overdose w/ respiratory depression
Contraindication: known hypersensitivity (relative)
Pharmacokinetic: onset- 2-5min. Duration- 30-120min
Ventilatory support priority over naloxone
DuoDote/Mark-1 kit
Class: Antidote
Adult Dosage: 1-2 kits (auto injector)
Peds Dosage: 1-2 kit (auto injector)
MOA: parasympatholytic and cholinesterase reativation
Indication: organophosphate poison or nerve agent
Contraindication: none
Pharmacokinetic: onset- immediate. Duration-variable
Nitrous Oxide (NO)
