BLS Blue Book

Question 1

High-quality CPR includes: Name at least 3

Answer 1

• Start compressions within 10 secs within recognition of cardiac arrest
• Compress at least 100/min with depth of 2 inch for adult, about 2 inch for children, and 1.5 inch for infant
• Allow Chest recoil
• Minimize interruption
• Give 2 breaths
• Avoid excessive ventilations

Question 2

5 steps in Adult Chains of Survival

Answer 2

1. Recognition of cardiac arrest and call 911
2. Early CPR and emphasis of compressions
3. Rapid AED use
4. Advance life care
5. Post cardiac arrest care

Question 3

Before cardiac arrest in child and infants:

Answer 3

Respiratory arrest and shock. Identifying these problems will reduces chances of cardiac arrest.

Question 4

5 steps in Pediatric Chain of Survival

Answer 4

1. Prevention of arrest
2. Early CPR
3. Rapid activation of EMS
4. Advance life support
5. Post-cardiac arrest care

Question 5

Changes in the 2010 AHA guidelines

Answer 5

• ABC to CAB: change cause of delayed compressions
• Changing rate from about 100/min to at least 100/min
• Increased focus on providing CPR as a team
• Removal of look, listen, and feel for breathing. New sequence allows
• De-emphasis of pulse check by changing the time to check pulse.
• Routine use of cricoid pressure in cardiac arrest is not recommended since it blocks ventilation

Question 6

Team means

Answer 6

Simultaneous actions done

Question 7

Initial BLS steps

Answer 7

1. Assess victim for response
2. If alone, activate 911 and get AED if possible
3. Check pulse for at least 5s but no more than 10s
4. If no pulse, start 5 cycles of compressions and breaths (30:2 ratio) (CAB)

Question 8

Step 1- Assessment and scene safety

Answer 8

1. Check Scene
2. Tap victim’s shoulder and shout “Are you alright?”
3. Check for breathing than call 911

Question 9

Step 2- Call 911 and get AED

Answer 9

• If you’re alone shout for help

- If nobody responds, call 911, get AED and return to victim to check pulse and start CPR

Question 10

Step 3- Pulse check

Answer 10

1. Locate the trachea, using 2 fingers
2. Slide fingers into groove
3. Feel pulse for 5secs but no longer than 10sec
   - No pulse = CPR

Question 11

Step 4- Begin cycles of 30/2 compress

Answer 11

1. Position yourself at the side of victim
2. Make sure victim is lying face up on firm surface
3. Heel of hand on center of chest on the lower breast bone (Sternum)
4. Other hand on top
5. Straight arms
6. Push hard and fast, at least 2 inches and 100/min
7. Allow chest to recoil so blood flows
8. Minimize interruptions

Question 12

Head Tilt-Chin Lift

Answer 12

1. Hand on victim’s forehead and push back
2. Put finger under jaw
3. Lift jaw to bring the chin forward

Question 13

Head Tilt-Chin Lift Precautions

Answer 13

• Don’t press deeply on soft tissue (blocks airway)
• Don’t use thumb to lift
• Don’t close victims mouth completely

Question 14

Adult Mouth-to-Barrier Device Breathing

Answer 14

• Use for standard precautions
• Has 1-way valve that diverts exhale air, blood, or bodily fluids away from rescuer
• OSHA requires health care workers to use these standard precautions during CPR

Question 15

OSHA

Answer 15

US Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 16

Giving Mouth-to-Mask Breathes

Answer 16

1. Positions yourself at the side
2. Place mask on the victim’s face using bridge of nose to guide for position
3. Seal the mask
4. Place remaining fingers of the 2nd hand along the bony margin of the jaw and lift jaw
5. Deliver air over 1 sec to deliver chest rise

Question 17

Bag-Mask Device

Answer 17

• Consist of a bag attached to a face mask
• Includes a 1-way valve
• Most common method
• Not recommended for 1-rescuer BLS

Question 18

Using Bag-Mask Device

Answer 18

1. Position to the side
2. Place the mask on victim’s face
3. Use E-C clamp (Thumb and index finger for C and 3 fingers for E)
4. Squeeze bag for breaths; 1s and watch chest rise

Question 19

2-Rescuer Adult BLS

Answer 19

When 2nd rescuer is available for help, he should call 911 and get the AED. The 1st rescuer should start CPR. After 2nd rescuer returns, use AED ASAP. After that, switch roles and start CPR until AED stops you.