BLS & AED Flashcards by Chelsea Murphy

If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method for opening the airway?

A) Head tilt–neck lift
B) Avoid opening the airway
C) Head tilt–chin lift
D) Jaw thrust

D) Jaw thrust

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Which is the preferred technique for giving rescue breaths to an infant?

A) Mouth-to-nose
B) Any method is acceptable
C) Mouth-to-mouth
D) Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose

D) Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose

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What does the stroke acronym F.A.S.T. stand for?

A) Falling down, arms, slurring words, time to start first aid
B) Falling down, arms, speech, time
C) Face, arms, speech, time
D) Face, arm, sudden weakness, time to start CPR

C) Face, arms, speech, time

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Which victim would need only rescue breathing?

A) No breathing and no pulse
B) Breathing with a weak pulse
C) No breathing and a pulse
D) Agonal gasping with no pulse

No breathing and a pulse

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What is CCF?

A) Compression-to-ventilation ratio
B) Proportion of time that rescuers perform chest compressions during CPR
C) The force you use to compress the chest
D) Another term for chest recoil

B) Proportion of time that rescuers perform chest compressions during CPR

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You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 9-year-old child when she suddenly becomes unresponsive. After you shout for nearby help, what is the most appropriate action to take next?

A) Provide 5 back slaps followed by 5 chest thrusts
B) Check for a pulse
C) Begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions
D) Continue performing abdominal thrusts

C) Begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions

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What should you do when using an AED on an infant or a child younger than 8 years of age?

A) Use adult AED pads if the AED does not have child pads
B) Use adult AED pads
C) Use adult AED pads, but cut them in half
D) Never use adult AED pads

A) Use adult AED pads if the AED does not have child pads

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How often should rescue breaths be given in infants and children when a pulse is felt?

A) 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
B) 1 breath every 8 to 10 seconds
C) 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds
D) 1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds

D) 1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds

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After performing high-quality CPR for 5 minutes, the Team Leader frequently interrupts chest compressions to check for a pulse. Which action demonstrates constructive intervention?

A) Ask another rescuer what he thinks should be done
B) Say nothing that contradicts the Team Leader
C) Wait until the debriefing session afterward to discuss it
D) Suggest resuming chest compressions without delay

D) Suggest resuming chest compressions without delay

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How are rescue actions for cardiac arrest due to drowning different from the rescue actions for sudden cardiac arrest?

A) Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to give the person CPR
B) Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to give the person oxygen
C) Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to give chest compressions
D) Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to locate an ambulance

B) Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in a drowning is to give the person oxygen

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For what age victim is the 2 thumb–encircling hands technique recommended?

A) A child younger than 3 years of age
B) A child older than 3 years of age
C) An infant younger than 1 year
D) An infant older than 1 year

C) An infant younger than 1 year

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Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation?

A) Using a bag-mask device for delivering ventilation
B) Delivering each breath over 1 second
C) Using the mouth-to-mask breathing technique
D) Giving rapid, shallow breaths

B) Delivering each breath over 1 second

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What is the correct chest compression depth for an infant?

A) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 4 cm (1½ inches)
B) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 5 cm (2 inches)
C) At least one fourth the depth of the chest, or approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch)
D) At least one half the depth of the chest, or approximately 6.4 cm (2½ inches)

A) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 4 cm (1½ inches)

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What is the appropriate action to demonstrate closed-loop communication when the Team Leader assigns you a task?

A) Start performing the assigned tasks, but do not speak, to minimize noise
B) Nod your head as an acknowledgment of the assigned task
C) Repeat back to the Team Leader the task assigned to you
D) Wait for the Team Leader to address you by name before you acknowledge the task

C) Repeat back to the Team Leader the task assigned to you

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What action should you take while the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm?

A) Give rescue breaths only
B) Continue chest compressions
C) Check the pulse
D) Stand clear of the victim

D) Stand clear of the victim

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Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive abdominal thrusts?

A) A woman who is obviously pregnant
B) An average-size 27-year-old man
C) An obese 50-year-old man
D) An average-size 9-month-old infant

B) An average-size 27-year-old man

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Which of the following populations is most likely to show atypical signs of a heart attack, like shortness of breath and dizziness?

A) Individuals with diabetes
B) White, middle-aged men
C) People who are overweight
D) Younger-aged individuals

A) Individuals with diabetes

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You notice someone showing all the signs of a severe allergic reaction. What is the first and most important action you should take?

A) Use the epinephrine device
B) Give the person an oral antihistamine
C) Call an advanced responder
D) Locate an external defibrillator

A) Use the epinephrine device

Which of the following is a sign that someone is experiencing anaphylaxis?

A) Presence of a medical alert bracelet or necklace
B) Person responding well to oral antihistamines
C) Life-threatening breathing or circulation problems
D) Symptoms developing quickly but getting worse slowly

C) Life-threatening breathing or circulation problems

You are attempting to rescue a person who has experienced drowning. What do you do if there are no signs of breathing?

A) Use spinal stabilization regardless of neck injury
B) Attempt to clear the airway of aspirated water
C) Open the airway and administer rescue breaths
D) Perform abdominal thrusts to remove any water

C) Open the airway and administer rescue breaths

A 25-year-old female collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness her collapse and are the first rescuer at the scene, where the woman is lying motionless on the floor. You verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim. The woman doesn’t respond when you tap her shoulders and shout, “Are you OK?” What is your best next action?

A) Check her pulse
B) Start providing rescue breaths
C) Shout for nearby help
D) Start high-quality CPR

C) Shout for nearby help

A 53-year-old man collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness his collapse and are the first rescuer at the scene, where the man is lying motionless on the floor. Which is the first action you should take in this situation?

A) Activate the emergency response system
B) Start providing rescue breaths
C) Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
D) Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim

D) Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim

Which of these is not an opioid?

A) Hydromorphone
B) Naloxone
C) Morphine
D) Heroin

B) Naloxone

If a manual defibrillator is not available for an infant victim, which action should you take?

A) Wait for advanced care to arrive
B) Cut the adult pad to fit the infant
C) Perform high-quality CPR
D) Use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator

D) Use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator.

If you think someone might be having a stroke, what should be the first thing you do? A) Start first aid on the individual B) Wait an hour and then phone 9-1-1 C) Give the person an injection of alteplase. D) Quickly check for signs of stroke

D) Quickly check for signs of stroke

What action should you take when more rescuers arrive? A) Wait for the most experienced rescuer to provide direction to the team B) Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes or more frequently if needed to avoid fatigue C) Continue CPR while the AED is attached, even if you are fatigued D) Direct the team to assign a Team Leader and roles while you continue CPR

B) Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes or more frequently if needed to avoid fatigue

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a 7-year-old child when 2 or more rescuers are present? A) 15 compressions to 1 breath B) 30 compressions to 2 breaths C) 15 compressions to 2 breaths D) 20 compressions to 2 breaths

C) 15 compressions to 2 breaths

What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult? A) A rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 5 cm (2 inches) B) A rate of 120 to 140 compressions per minute and a depth of approximately 6.4 cm (2.4 inches) C) A rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute and a depth of approximately 2.5cm (1 inch) D) A rate of 80 to 100 compressions per minute and a depth of approximately 4cm (1½ inches)

A) A rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 5 cm (2 inches)

Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED? A) Finding the victim’s implanted pacemaker B) Removing the victim from water C) Placing the pads on the victim’s bare chest D) Shaving the victim’s hairy chest

C) Placing the pads on the victim’s bare chest

What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victim’s side? A) Power on the AED B) Press the Analyze button C) Press the Shock button D) Apply the pads

A) Power on the AED

You encounter an unresponsive 56-year-old woman who has been taking hydromorphone for postsurgical pain. She is not breathing and has no pulse. You notice that her medication bottle is empty and suspect an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. A colleague activates the emergency response system and is retrieving the AED and naloxone. What is the most appropriate action for you to take next? A) Wait for the naloxone to arrive before doing anything B) Provide 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds until naloxone arrives C) Provide rapid defibrillation with the AED D) Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions

D) Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions

Which is an example of a mild foreign-body airway obstruction? A) Inability to speak or cry B) Cyanosis (blue lips or skin) C) Wheezing between coughs D) High-pitched noise while inhaling

C) Wheezing between coughs

What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult? A) 15 compressions to 2 breaths B) 30 compressions to 2 breaths C) 100 compressions to 2 breaths D) 10 compressions to 2 breaths

B) 30 compressions to 2 breaths

In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur? A) Homes B) Recreational facilities C) Shopping centres D) Healthcare clinics

A) Homes

A 75-year-old man collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness his collapse and are the first rescuer at the scene, where the man is lying motionless on the floor. You verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim. The man doesn’t respond when you tap his shoulders and shout, “Are you OK? You shout for nearby help. Several rescuers respond, and you ask them to activate the emergency response system and retrieve the AED. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making snorting sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is your best next action? A) Provide rescue breathing by delivering 1 breath every 6 seconds B) Monitor the victim until additional, more experienced help arrives C) Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions D) Find someone to help by retrieving the nearest AED

C) Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions

If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should you take? A) Turn off the implanted device before applying the AED pads B) Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device C) Avoid using the AED to prevent damage to the implanted device D) Consider using pediatric pads to decrease the shock dose delivered

B) Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device

Where on the body should you administer an epinephrine injection? A) On the person’s thigh, about halfway between the hip and the knee B) On the person’s neck, about halfway between the ear and the shoulder C) On the person’s torso, about halfway between the hip and the ribs D) On the person’s arm, about halfway between the elbow and the wrist

A) On the person’s thigh, about halfway between the hip and the knee

Your roommate uses opioids. You find him unresponsive with no breathing, but he has a strong pulse. You suspect an opioid overdose. A friend is phoning 9-1-1 and looking for the naloxone kit. What action should you take? A) Provide rapid defibrillation with an AED B) Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 6 seconds C) Remain with your roommate until the naloxone arrives and administer it immediately D) Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions

B) Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 6 seconds

The Team Leader asks you to perform bag-mask ventilation during a resuscitation attempt, but you have not perfected that skill. What would be an appropriate action to acknowledge your limitations? A) Tell the Team Leader you are not comfortable performing that task B) Pretend you did not hear the request and hope the Team Leader chooses someone else to do it C) Pick up the bag-mask device and give it to another team member D) Try to do it as best you can and hope another team member will see you struggling and take over

A) Tell the Team Leader you are not comfortable performing that task

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3-year-old child? A) 15 compressions to 1 breath B) 15 compressions to 2 breaths C) 30 compressions to 2 breaths D) 20 compressions to 2 breaths

C) 30 compressions to 2 breaths

What is important to remember about AED pad placement on infants? A) Place 1 adult pad on the chest B) If child AED pads are not available, do not use the AED C) You may need to place 1 pad on the chest and 1 on the back, according to the diagrams on the pads D) Ensure that pads overlap each other in very small infants

C) You may need to place 1 pad on the chest and 1 on the back, according to the diagrams on the pads

What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival? A) Advanced life support B) Defibrillation C) High-quality CPR D) Prevention

B) Defibrillation

Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? A) Infection and sepsis B) Cardiac problem C) Respiratory failure or shock D) Congenital or acquired heart defect

C) Respiratory failure or shock

What is the correct chest compression depth for a child? A) At least one half the depth of the chest, or approximately 7.6 cm (3 inches) B) At least one fourth the depth of the chest, or approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch) C) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 5 cm (2 inches) D) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 4 cm (1½ inches)

C) At least one third the depth of the chest, or approximately 5 cm (2 inches)