In hospital Adult cardiac arrest chain of survival =?
- ID cardiac arrest preconditions
- Immediate recognition of arrest, activate emergency response system.
- early CPR, continuous chest compressions
- Rapid Defib
- Multidiscpl. arrest care in ICU
Steps of CPR on Adult
Look around to see if it is safe to approach
- Tap the victim’s shoulder and shout “Are you okay?”
- Check to see if the victim is breathing by looking at their chest. If they are not breathing, or not breathing normally (only gasping), call 911.
- Check the carotid pulse on the side of the neck closest to you for 5-10 seconds
- If no pulse, start with 30 chest compressions on the lower half of the breastbone.
- The rate should be at least 100 compressions per minute, but not more than 120.
- Open the airway and give 2 breaths using a pocket mask or bag valve mask.
- Continue 5 sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the ambulance arrives to take over, the AED arrives, or you are too tired
Steps of CPR on a child
Make sure the scene is safe to approach
- Tap the child and shout “Are you okay?”
- Check to see if the child is breathing by looking at their chest. If they are not breathing, or not breathing normally (only gasping), call 911. If you are alone, perform CPR for 2 minutes, then call.
- Check the carotid pulse on the side of the neck closest to you for 5-10 seconds
- If no pulse, begin 30 chest compressions on the lower half of the breastbone with one or two hands.
- The rate should be at least 100 compressions per minute
- Open the airway and give 2 breaths using a pocket mask or bag valve mask.
- Continue 5 sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the ambulance arrives to take over, the AED arrives, or you are too tired to continue.
infant steps of CPR
same as above, use two fingers, and only check brachial artery
Head-tilt/chin-lift technique
To perform the head-tilt/chin lift technique on an adult:
Press down on the forehead while pulling up on the bony part of the chin with two to
three fingers of the other hand.
For adults, tilt the head past a neutral position to open the airway while avoiding
hyperextension of the neck.
Modifi ed jaw-thrust maneuver
The modifi ed jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway when a patient is
suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury. To perform this maneuver on an adult,
kneel above the patient’s head and:
Put one hand on each side of the patient’s head with the thumbs near the corners
of the mouth pointed toward the chin, using the elbows for support.
Slide the fi ngers into position under the angles of the patient’s jawbone without
moving the head or neck.
Thrust the jaw upward without moving the head or neck to lift the jaw and open
the airway
Respiratory arrest
If the patient is not breathing but has a definitive pulse, the patient is in respiratory arrest.
To care for a patient experiencing respiratory arrest, you must give ventilations.
Giving ventilations is a technique to supply oxygen to a patient who is in respiratory
arrest. Give 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds for an adult patient, with each ventilation
lasting about 1 second and making the chest rise. See pages 13–15 for more
information about how to give ventilations.
When giving ventilations, it is critical to avoid overventilation and hyperventilation of a
patient by giving ventilations at a rate and volume greater than recommended; that is,
more than 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds or for longer than 1 second each.
oxygen % of mouth to mouth
receives a
concentration of oxygen at approximately 16 percent compared to
the oxygen concentration of ambient air at approximately 20 percent.
Giving individual ventilations can help maintain this oxygen concentration
level. However, if you do not break the seal and take a breath between
ventilations, the second ventilation may contain an oxygen concentration
of 0 percent with a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) .
what age is a child?
0-12
child ventilation in respiratory arrest?
every 3 secs
one and two rescuer child CPR compression rate
one rescuer = 30:2
two = 15:2
both at 100-120/minute
infant respiratory arrest
chin in neutral position and ventilate every 3 secs
infant CPR one vs two rescuer
One rescuer: Two fi ngers centered on sternum about 1 fi nger-width below nipple line
Two rescuers: Two thumbs centered on sternum encircling chest about 1 fi nger-width below nipple line
infant ventilatiion one vs two rescuer
One rescuer: 30:2
Two rescuers: 15:2
