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BLS Flashcards

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1
Q

is immediate care given to a person who has
been injured or suddenly taken ill.

A

FIRST AID

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2
Q

it includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance in not available or delayed.

A

FIRST AID

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3
Q

Give at least 15 First Aid Kit Contents List

A
  1. Adhesive bandages (various sizes)
  2. Liquid bandages (optional)
  3. Antibiotic ointment and/or antiseptic wipes or spray
  4. Sterile gauze (in rolls and pads)
  5. Instant and reusable cold compresses (keep reusable ones in the freezer)
  6. Hydrocortisone ointment
  7. Calamine lotion
  8. Rubbing alcohol
  9. Hydrogen peroxide
  10. Hand sanitizing gel
  11. Eye wash solution (with eye cup)
  12. Sterile saline solution
  13. Sunscreen (at least SPF 15)
  14. Sunburn relief ointment
  15. Cotton balls
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4
Q

Goals of first aid

A

Alleviate suffering
Prevent added/further injury/danger.
Preserve Life.
Promote Recovery

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5
Q

RESPONSIBILITIES in first aid

A

Bridge the gap between the victim and the health
care provider
→ Ensure his own safety, that of the victim’s, and
bystanders
→ Gain access to the victim
→ Determine threats to the victim’s life
→ Call for more medical assistance as needed

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6
Q

“Any person who, while performing a lawful act with
due care, cause an injury by mere accident without
fault or intention of causing it is exempt from criminal
liability.”

A

Republic Act 3815 Article 12. Section 4 of the Philippine Revised Penal
Code Book 1

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7
Q

EFFECTIVE FIRST AID PROVIDER

A

→ Gentle
→ Resourceful
→ Observant
→ Tactful
→ Empathetic
→ Respectable

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8
Q

DO’s first aid

A

Consent
Think the worst, gravest possibility
Identify yourself to the victim
Comfort & emotional support
Respect victims modesty and physical privacy
Calm & direct as possible
Care for most serious injuries
Assist victim with their med
Keep onlookers away from the injured person
Loosen tight clothing

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9
Q

DON’Ts first aid

A

Let victim see their own injury
Leave the victim alone
Assume that victims obvious injuries are only ones
Make any unrealistic promises
Trust the judgment of confused victim
and required them make decision

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10
Q

Pulmonary arteries bring ________ blood from the ______ to the ___________

A

oxygen-poor, heart, lungs

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11
Q

Pulmonary veins bring ___________ blood from the __________ to the _________

A

oxygen-rich, lungs, heart

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12
Q

PATIENT ASSESSMENT:

A

Listen, look, feel
No pulse, no breath
Capillary refill test
Circulation, Airway, Breathing

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13
Q

S.A.M.P.L.E

A

Signs and Symptoms
Allergies
Medication
Pertinent past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to the incident

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14
Q

Scene size-up

A

Body substance isolation (BSI)
Scene safety.
Mechanism of injury or nature of illness.
Determine the number of patients and
additional resources.

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15
Q

Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or
Transfer Facility

A

Call first – cardiac in origin
CPR first – respiratory in origin

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16
Q

Primary Assessment
Check for:

A

 LOC
 Activate Medical Assistance
 Check for circulation <10 secs
If negative circulation,
Give 30 compressions C
 Open Airway A
 Give 2 ventilations B
 x 5 cycles or at least 150 compressions
within 2 minutes

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17
Q

Secondary Assessment

A
  • Check the patient’s vital signs
  • Perform the RAPID head to toe examination
    (BLOOD & DCAPBTLS)
  • Interview the victim / relatives of the
    victim.
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18
Q

Referral of the victim for further evaluation
and management

A
  • It refers to the transfer of a victim to hospital or
    health care facility if necessary for a definitive
    treatment.
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19
Q

What to do in an incident

A

Scene size-up
Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or
Transfer Facility
Primary Assessment
Secondary Assessment
Referral of the victim for further evaluation
and management

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20
Q

This is a combination of chest compressions
and rescue breathing. These must be combined
for effective resuscitation of the victim of
cardiac arrest.

A

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

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21
Q

Early Ages

A

FLAGGELATION METHOD
(WHIPPING)

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22
Q

1530

A

BELLOWS METHOD

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23
Q

1711

A

FUMIGATION METHOD

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24
Q

1770

A

INVERSION METHOD

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25
Q

1773

A

BARREL METHOD

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26
Q

1812

A

TROTTLING HORSE

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27
Q

1892

A

TONGUE STRETCHING

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28
Q

“Basic Life Support Training is mandatory to all
health workers”

A

Policy: A.O. 155 s. 2004

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29
Q

HEMS Goal

A

“At least one member of each household shall be
trained in BLS”

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30
Q

HEALTH BURDEN OF SUDDEN CARDIAC
ARREST

A

Almost 70% of out of hospital cardiac arrest
occur at home
50% are unwitnessed
10.8% of OHCA who have receive CPR from
(EMS) survive to hospital discharge
In hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has a better
outcome, 22.3% to 25.5% of adults surviving
to discharge

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31
Q

SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

A

Unpredictable and can happen to anyone,
anywhere, at anytime
Risk increase with age
Pre-existing heart disease is common cause
Strikes people with no history of cardiac
symptoms
Never had any heart problems

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32
Q

WHY IS EARLY CPR IMPORTANT?

A

CPR is the best treatment for cardiac arrent
until the arrival of ACLS care
Prevent VF from deteriorating to asystole
Increase the chance of defibrillation

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33
Q

EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY
FAILURE

A

Unable to speak, breath or cough
Clutches neck (universal distress signal)
Bluish color skin and lips

34
Q

EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY
FAILURE (CPR)

A
  1. Check safety : see if the scene is safe to do
    CPR
  2. Check unresponsiveness: tap or gently shake
    the victim
    Rescuer shout “Are you ok?”
    Quick check for normal breathing
    If the victim is unconscious, rescuer call for
    help
  3. Call for help
    Ambulance, emergency services, doctor
    Rescuer activates the Emergency medical
    services
    Get AED/Defibrillator
35
Q

After determining unconsciousness, C-A-B

A

C- compression – do chest compression first
A-airway – doest the victim have an open airway?
B-breathing – is the victim breathing

36
Q

How many chest compressions per minute?

A

100-120

37
Q

How deep for cc?

A

2.2-4 inches deeo or 5-6cm

38
Q

Compress at a rate of

A

100-120 per minute for 2 minutes

39
Q

STEPS TO SAVE A LIFE (HANDS-ONLY CPR)

A
  1. Call your emergency response number
  2. Push hard and fast (Compression – to tune of
    stayin alive
  3. Continue chest compression until: -
    Help arrives (emergency services)
    You are too tired to continue compression
    Person is revived
40
Q

Opening of Airway

A

head tilt-chin lift manuever

41
Q

WHEN TO STOP CPR?

A

S – SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are stored
T- TURNED over to medical services or properly
trained and authorized personnel.
O – OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot
continue CPR
P- PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares
death, takes over)
S – SCENE becomes unsafe
S- SIGNED waiver to stop CPR

42
Q

Three types soft tissue
Injuries:

A
  • Closed
  • Open
  • Burn
43
Q

A wound that is beneath unbroken skin

A

Characteristics of Closed soft tissue injuries

44
Q

Assessment of Patient
Signs & Symptoms: (CLOSED WOUND)

A
  • Swelling
  • Brushing
  • Deformity
  • Pain
45
Q

SOFT TISSUES INJURIES – CLOSED

A
  • Contusion (bruise)
  • Hematoma
  • Crush injuries
  • Compression injuries
46
Q

OPEN SOFT TISSUE INURIES – ASSESSMENT
Signs & Symptoms:

A
  • Break in skin
  • Bleeding
  • Swelling, pain & ecchymosis
  • Shock
47
Q

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – OPEN

A

Protective skin layer is damaged
Increased risk of infection
Increased bleeding
* Abrasion
* Laceration
* Avulsion
* Amputation
* Crush injuries
* Puncture

48
Q

Open Soft tissue injuries – Management

A

Remove clothing
- Cut it away
- Move as little as possible

Control bleeding
- Direct pressure
- Hand or hand held dressing
- Pressure dressing
- Splint

49
Q

A depressed condition of many body
functions due to the failure of enough blood
to circulate throughout the body following
serious injury

A

SHOCK

50
Q

Basic causes of Shock

A
  • Pump failure
  • Hypovolemia
  • Blood vessels dilate
51
Q

Factors which contribute to Shock

A

 Pain
 Rough handling
 Improper transfer
 Continuous bleeding
 Exposure to extreme cold & excessive heat
 Fatigue

52
Q

DANGERS OF SHOCK

A
  1. Lead to death.
  2. Predisposes body to infection.
  3. Lead to loss of body part.
53
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK
EARLY STAGE:

A

 Face – pale or cyanotic in color.
 Skin – cold and clammy.
 Breathing – irregular.
 Pulse – rapid and weak.
 Nausea and vomiting
 Weakness
 Thirsty

54
Q

LATE STAGE (if condition deteriorates) shock

A

 apathetic or relatively
 unresponsive
 Sunken eyes with vacant expression.
 Dilated pupils.
 Congested blood vessels (mottled
appearances)
 Low level Blood pressure.
 Body temperature falls.
 Unconscious may occur

55
Q

First Aid Management of Shock

A
  1. Proper body position
  2. Proper body heat
  3. Proper transfer
56
Q

THORACIC TRAUMA

A

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX
OPEN PNEUMOTHORAX

57
Q

is the
second leading cause of preventable death
on an operation.

A

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX

58
Q

develops when
penetration injuries allows the pleural space
to be exposed to atmospheric pressure
“SUCKING CHEST WOUND”

A

OPEN PNEUMOTHORAX

59
Q

What may cause a SCW?

A

Gun shot wound, Stab wounds, Impaled
objects

60
Q
  • occurs when the body / body part, receives
    more radiant energy than it can absorb,
    resulting in an injury.
  • one of the most serious and painful injuries
  • Heat
  • Chemicals
  • Electricity
A

BURNS

61
Q

TYPES OF BURNS

A

Chemical Burns
Electrical Burns
Thermal Burns

62
Q
  • toxic substances contacts the body
  • eyes are particularly vulnerable
A

Chemical Burns

63
Q
  • entrance and exit wounds
  • monitor for cardiac arrest
  • safety
A

Electrical Burns

64
Q
  • Caused by heat
  • Flame
  • Scald
  • Contact
  • Steam
  • Flash
A

Thermal Burns

65
Q

Burn mgnt

A
  • Clean burns with soap and running water
    (15 minutes), or a dilute water-based
    disinfectant to remove loose skin.
  • Cover it with loose cloth
  • All blisters should be left intact to minimize
    the risk of infection.
  • Larger blisters or those in an awkward
    position (in danger of bursting) should be
    aspirated under aseptic technique.
66
Q

FRACTURE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

A

Deformity – crepitus
Tenderness – False motion
Guarding – exposed fragments
Swelling – pain
Bruising – locked joint

67
Q

Management for Fracture

A
  • Exposed the Injured area
  • Immobilize the injured part
  • Cover the open wound
  • Assess Pulse Motor Sensory
  • Use the RICE Method
68
Q

Is a rapid movement of patient
from unsafe to a place of safety.

A

Emergency Rescue

69
Q

Is moving a patient from one place to
another after giving first aid.

A

Transfer

70
Q

Reminders in Performing Emergency Rescue

A
    • you should use a drag to pull along the long
      axis of the patient’s body (Irregardless of a
      patient’s injuries)

if you are alone and danger at the scene makes
it necessary for you to use emergency
move

71
Q

Pointers to be observed during transfer

A
  • Maintain open airway
  • Hemorrhage is controlled
  • Victim safely maintained in the correct
    position
  • Regular check of the victim’s condition is
    made
  • Supporting bandages & dressing remain
    effectively applied
  • Method of transfer is safe, comfortable & as
    speedy as circumstances permit
  • Taller first aiders stay at the head side of the
    patient
  • must observed ergonomics in lifting & moving
    of patient
72
Q

Guidelines for lifting

A
  • consider weight of pt and need for additional help
  • know physically ability and limitations
    -lift without twisting
  • have feet positioned properly
  • communicate clearly and frequently with partner
73
Q

EMERGENCY MOVES – ONE RESCUER
TECHNIQUES

A

Fireman’s carry

74
Q

EMERGENCY MOVES – TWO RESCUER
TECHNIQUES

A

Carry by extremities

75
Q

EMERGENCY MOVES – THREE TO FOUR RESCUER
TECHNIQUES

A

Bearer’s along side

76
Q

EMEGENCY MOVES – FOUR/SIX RESCUER
TECHNIQUES

A

Hammock Carry

77
Q

One Man Carry/ assist/ drag

A
  • Assist to walk
  • Fireman’s carry
  • Packstrap carry
  • Carry in arms
  • Piggyback carry
78
Q

Methods of Transfer

A
  • Bearer’s along side
  • Blanket carry
  • Hammock carry
  • Improvised stretcher using blanket with 2 poles
79
Q

Methods of Transfer - TWO MAN CARRY / ASSIST/ DRAG

A
  • Assist to walk
  • Fireman’s carry with assistance
  • Hand as a litter
  • Four hand seat
  • Chair as a litter
  • Carry by extremities
80
Q

Methods of Transfer - ONE MAN / ASSIST/ DRAG

A

Cloth/ shoulder drag
Fireman’s drag
Foot drag
Armpit/ shoulder drag inclined

Disaster Nursing (1 decks)

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