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Parasitology > Blowflies, screwworms, flesh flies, bot flies > Flashcards

Blowflies, screwworms, flesh flies, bot flies Flashcards

1
Q

Define myiasis

A

Myiasis is the invasion of tissue or organs of host animals by larval flies usually known as maggots or grubs

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2
Q

What are the two forms of myiasis?

A

Cutaneous myiasis (screwworms, blowflies, flesh flies, skin bots)

Internal myiasis (nose bots, stomach bots, cattle grubs)

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3
Q

Cyclorrapha: Blow flies

Where do Blow flies lay their eggs and where are their larva developing?

A

Eggs are laid in wounded, infected, or soild skin of mammals, Larvae are developing directly in the decaying organic matter

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4
Q

What is a common feature of all Blowflies?

A

All are attracted to dampness and bacterial growth (odor) on the skin and hair coat

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5
Q

List the species of blowfly which is the most common fly associated with carrion in the northern climes

A

Calliphora sp.

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6
Q

Name the blowfly most commonly associated with wool maggots and cutaneous myiasis in other animals

A

Lucilia sp.

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7
Q

Can Blowflies be useful?

A

Yes

Blow flies are commonly used as surgical maggots for debridement therapy for horse wounds!

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8
Q

Cyclorrapha: Screw worm

  1. List the important general features of screwworms
  2. How does one go about identifying a screwworm larvae?
A
  1. They all are obligate ectoparasites; Adult females only mate once
  2. Identification of the characteristic dark pigmented tracheal trunk
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9
Q

What is the natural range for the screwworm fly?

A

Through the southern states of the US down

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10
Q
  1. List the name of the eradication program for screwworms?
  2. How do they eradicate these worms?
A
  1. SWASS (Screwworm Adult Suppression System)
  2. They preform a large scale sterilization of male flies
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11
Q

Cyclorrapha: Flesh flies

Where do flesh flies lay their eggs and where are their larva developing?

A

Because flesh flies are larviparous they lay their larva directly on the area of interest

They are facultative parasites so they can lay their eggs on: wounds, living tissue, excrement, garbage, and decaying vegtable matter

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12
Q

What are the two genus of flesh flies which we talked about in class?

A

Genus Sarcophaga

Genus Wohlfahrtia

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13
Q

What about the genus wohlfahrtia is important?

A

Wohlfahrtia sp. are obligate parasites which penetrate the normal skin of a newborn and grow in a hypodermal pocket

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14
Q
  1. How does one go about treating a Wohlfahrtia infection (infestation?)?
  2. How do you prevent this form occuring?
A
  1. Need to clip and clean with antiseptic wash the wound. Removal of the larvae needs to occur as well.
  2. Crutching (clipping hair) and avoid wounds (surgery) during fly season
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15
Q

Cyclorrhapha: Bot flies

What are some general features of all bot flies?

A

All cause obligatory myiasis

Larval stages are long-lived

Highly host and site-specific

Adults are short-lived

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16
Q
  1. What is the scientific name for the Rodent skin bot?
  2. Geographically where is it found?
A
  1. Cuterebra sp.
  2. Found throughout N. America
17
Q

What is the general life cycle of a Cuterebra sp.?

A

Adults lay eggs alone rabbit runs and rodent burrows –> larvae enter the host through some body opening –> migrate through to the skin –> drop out and pupate in the ground

18
Q

Cyclorrapha: Nose bots

  1. What is the species which is found in sheep?
  2. Where is the egg deposited?
A
  1. Oestrus ovis
  2. Larvae will be deposited in the nostrils of sheep
19
Q

How doesOestrus ovis exit the nostrils?

A

Oestrus ovis exits the nostrals by being blown out or by manually backing out

20
Q

What are some clinical signs associated with Oestrus ovis?

A

Head shaking

Chronic nasal discharge

Loss of appetite

21
Q

Cyclorrapha: Cattle grubs, warble fly, or heel fly

What genus do these flies belong in?

A

Hypoderma sp.

Consists of the common name flies the cattle grubs, warble fly, or heel fly

22
Q

Where is parasitisum of the hypoderma sp. (cattle grub, warble fly, heel fly) occur?

A

In cattle raised throughout the US, EU, and Asia

23
Q
  1. Where do Hypoderma sp. flies lay there eggs?
  2. Name the to species of Hypoderma we covered in class and when they occur
A
  1. They glue their eggs to hairs on the legs of cattle
  2. H. lineatum - occurs in April-June ; H. bovis - occurs from June - rest of the summer
24
Q

What is the life cycle of the Hypoderma lineatum fly?

A

Larvae penetrate the skin directly or through a hair follicle –> will migrate between the fascial planes of muscle and along CT –> accumulate in the submucosa of the esophagus –> will over winter here then proceed to the back –> here they will form a hole at the skin surface and warble until undergoing two molts –> falling off and pupating

25
Q

What is the life cycle for Hypoderma bovis?

A

Larvae penetrate the skin directly or through a hair follicle –> will follow nerves below the skin –> larvae will acumulate in the spinal cord and migrate around the epidural space –> then proceed to the back –> here they will form a hole at the skin surface and remain until March-June –> falling off and pupating in the dirt

26
Q

What are your biggest concerns when treating with ivermectin for Cattle grubs?

A

Treating during the larval stage (inflammatory stage) or when in the spinal cord.

This can lead to death of the larval –> anaphylaxis

*Key is to treat prior to larva reaching the esophagus or spinal cord (at the end of fly season (late August))

27
Q

Cyclorrapha: Stomach bots

  1. What is the genus of stomach bots?
  2. Are they obligate or facultative parasites?
A
  1. Gasterophilus sp. (stomach bots)
  2. Obligate parasites of equids
28
Q

Name the species we discussed in class belonging to the genus Gasterophilus?

A
  • G. intestinalis*
  • G. nasalis*
  • G. hemorrhoidalis*
29
Q

List where on the horse each species of Gastrophilus lays their eggs

A
  • G. intestinalis
    • ​lay their eggs on the hairs of the forelegs and shoulders
  • G. nasalis
    • ​Deposits eggs on the hairs of the intermandibular space
  • G. hemorrhoidalis
    • ​Deposits eggs on the short hairs of that adjoin the lips
30
Q

List where on the horse each species of Gastrophilus what is required for hatching

A
  • G. intestinalis
    • ​Grooming (moisture and friction)
  • G. nasalis
    • ​Hatch spontaneously in 5 to 6 days
  • G. hemorrhoidalis
    • Hatch when they contact moisture
31
Q

List where on the horse each species of Gastrophilus resides in the stomach

A
  • G. intestinalis
    • ​Around the boundary of the glandular and non-glandular stomach
  • G. nasalis
    • Pyloric portion of the stomach and anterior duodenum
  • G. hemorrhoidalis
    • In stomach and duodenum
32
Q

What is one unique feature of Gastrophilus hemorrhoidalis

A

Before being passed in the third larval stage in the feces it will regrasp the rectal mucosa and stay about one week

Parasitology (3 decks)

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