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2. Scientific Books Read > Blossoms and the genes that make them > Flashcards

Blossoms and the genes that make them Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acids

A

Chemical building block of proteins

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2
Q

Anther

A

Top of the stamen, where pollen is produced

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3
Q

Anthocyanin

A

Plant pigments that colour flowers blue, purple and red hues

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4
Q

Arabidopsis

A

Genus of a plant that is used in much of contemporary plant research

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5
Q

Aurone

A

Complex molecule made by plants that produces petal colour, especially yellow hues

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6
Q

Auxin

A

Plant hormone that stimulates growth

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7
Q

Base (in DNA)

A

Any of the 4 molecular units in DNA - adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine (A, T, C and G)

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8
Q

Betalain

A

Certain red and yellow plant pigments

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9
Q

Carotinoids

A

Natural plant pigments giving red and yellow hues

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10
Q

Carpel

A

Female reproductive element in a flower; one or more carpels make up the pistil

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11
Q

Chalcone

A

Complex molecule made by plants that contributes to fragrance

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12
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Molecule in plants that collects light energy from the Sun, and gives rise to their green colour

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13
Q

Chromatin

A

Combination of DNA and protein usually found in the nucleus of plant cells

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14
Q

Chromosome

A

Individual package of DNA and protein contributing to chromatin

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15
Q

Codon

A

Group of 3 DNA bases, or their RNA equivalent, that specifies an amino acid e.g. AUG for methionine

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16
Q

Disc flowers

A

Many tiny flowers at the centre of a compound flower and surrounded by petals

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17
Q

DNA

A

Large molecule that holds genetic information

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18
Q

Epigenetic markers

A

Extra chemical groups (such as methyl groups), affixed to any of the 4 common DNA bases, which can influence the effects of genes

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19
Q

Epigenetic writer

A

Enzyme that adds the epigenetic marker group to a DNA base

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20
Q

Epigenetic reader

A

A protein that recognises and acts on the presence of the epigenetic mark

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21
Q

Epigenetic eraser

A

Enzyme that removes one or more epigenetic marks

22
Q

Florigen

A

A plant hormone that initiates flower formation

23
Q

Gamete

A

Egg or sperm, the reproductive cells of sexually reproducing organisms

24
Q

Gene

A

Basic unit of inherited information - segment of a long DNA (and occasionally an RNA) chain

25
Q

Protein gene

A

DNA segment containing the codons (the genetic code) that specify the sequence of amino acids for a particular protein

26
Q

RNA gene

A

DNA segment specifying the kind and sequence of RNA bases for an RNA molecule (e.g. ribosomal RNA)

27
Q

Genetic code

A

Information embodied in various triplets of DNA bases that directs the incorporation of particular of particular amino acids into proteins

28
Q

Genome

A

Totality of DNA and thus of genetic information in the cells of any organism

29
Q

Genus

A

A category of related but not identical organisms. For example, the genus Chrysanthemum includes what are commonly called daisies as well as flowers called chrysanthemums

30
Q

Gibberellin

A

Plant hormone that regulates plant growth and development

31
Q

Histone

A

Proteins that interact with DNA in forming chromatin

32
Q

Intron

A

Noncoding segment interrupting the coding regions of a gene. Introns are spliced out of the functioning RNA copy of a gene.

33
Q

Meristem

A

Group of growing, not yet differentiated plant cells, usually at tips of shoots and roots.

34
Q

Methyl group

A

Carbon atom linked to 3 hydrogen atoms; methyl groups can act as epigenetic marks

35
Q

Molecular cloning

A

Isolation, copying and multiplication of a particular DNA segment from a genome

36
Q

Mutation

A

Change in genetic information encoded in DNA as a consequence of a change in the DNA sequence

37
Q

Nucleosome

A

Package consisting of a DNA segment (about 140 base pairs in length) wound around a group of histones; the nucleosomes is a subunit of chromatin

38
Q

Petal

A

Part of a flower that is flat like a leaf and usually coloured other than green

39
Q

Phenylalanine

A

One of the 20 essential amino acids that are the building blocks of proteins

40
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by which green plants convert the Sun’s energy into chemical energy to construct the plant’s component

41
Q

Phytochromes

A

Plant pigments that absorb red light

42
Q

Pistil

A

The organ of a flower that contains the egg, often described as the female organ of a flower; it may be composed of one carpel or several fused carpels

43
Q

Proteins

A

Large complex molecules constructed of many amino acids

44
Q

Ray flower

A

Long floral elements surrounding the central disk of composite flowers such as flowers, in which they are commonly referred to as petals

45
Q

RNA

A

Ribose nucleic acid that carries the information encoded in DNA to the places in the cell where it is used

46
Q

Messenger RNA

A

RNA that is copied from the DNA of each gene provides the information to the protein-synthesising components of cells, the ribosomes

47
Q

Sepals

A

Usually green leaf-like parts that cover the flower bud and are then typically found beneath the petals when the flower opens

48
Q

Species

A

Group of related individuals (plants, animals, etc) that can breed with one another to produce viable offspring

49
Q

Stamen

A

Organ of a flower that contains the pollen; often described as the male reproductive organ

50
Q

Stem cell

A

Cells found in animals and plants that can, through cell division and differentiation, give rise to many different kinds of cells

51
Q

Stigma

A

The tip of the carpel or pistil, where pollen collects

52
Q

Style

A

The shaft of the carpel or pistil

2. Scientific Books Read (1 decks)

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