Blooooood Flashcards
if you have low fluid in your blood, is your hematocrit low or high?
high (more RBC to fluid ratio)
you have high sodium in your blood, what about in your tissues?
high sodium too bc interstitial fluid (fluid in tissues) comes from blood
why does a malnourished child in a developing country have thin extremities but a large belly?
low protein diet –> can’t make albumin –> can’t keep fluid in the blood –> fluid seeps into tissues
what type of proteins are albumin, globulins, fibrinogens?
plasma proteins
if you have lots of albumin in the blood, do you have lots of water in the blood?
yes, water follows albumin (albumin is responsible for colloid osmotic pressure, which brings fluid INTO blood)
you’re taking barbiturates but you have low albumin. Will the drug be effective? why/why not?
not effective bc albumin stabilizes drugs. if low albumin, drug metabolized too fast by liver (can’t work)
carrier proteins for barbiturates, thyroxine, bilirubin?
albumin
function of alpha and beta globulin?
maintain osmotic pressure, act like carrier proteins, make fibronectins, lipoproteins, coagulation factors
largest plasma protein? what’s its function?
fibrinogen, makes platelet plug
how is the substance that cross links to make an impermeable net that prevents blood loss, made?
fibrinogen + thrombin = fibrin
why are RBCs concave?
increased surface area = more O2 can bind
what is the difference b/w a reticulocyte and an RBC?
reticulocyte isn’t biconcave yet (but it IS anuclear)
increased reticulocytes could indicate? decreased reticulocytes could indicate?
increase: cancer; decrease: bone marrow issue (can’t make enough)
how does insufficient vitamin B12 or folic acid lead to anemia?
they lead to decreased RBC production bc they help make the RBC plasma membrane
mutation in sickle cell disease?
glutamic acid turns to valine (pt mutation in B-globin chain of HbA)
what conditions cause your cells to suddenly turn into sickle cells?
low O2 or dehydration
are heterozygotes symptomatic?
less than 40%
cause of acute chest syndrome? why is this disease so important?
1 cause of death in sickle cell pts
when sickled RBCs clog up lung capillaries and arteries –> sharp chest pain occurs when working out or low on O2
what protein stabilizes the pigment involved in jaundice?
albumin (stabilizes bilirubin)
why is jaundice often seen in babies?
their liver is underdeveloped (can’t metabolize their bilirubin)
you have 9058 leukocytes. is this in normal range?
yes, normal range is 5000-10000
“never let monkeys eat bananas” is an acronym for what?
amt of each WBC in descending order
which cells are polymorphonuclear? what type of infection are they primarily involved in?
neutrophils (PMNs); bacterial infections
what type of granules do the polymorphonuclear cells have?
azurophilic granules (lysosomes have myeloperoxidase) and specific granules (diff enzymes, complement activators, antimicrobial peptides)
