Bloody Code, Law Enforcement, Early Prisons and Transportation. Flashcards

1
Q

why did they enforce new laws in 1500 - 1700

A

because traditional methods became less effective and towns were becoming more Populated

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2
Q

why did crime increase

A

as there was more population it was easier to get away with crime like theft.

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3
Q

what was the role of town constables

A

stop suspected criminals, break up fights and help with local administrative issues like collecting payments for road cleaning

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4
Q

what did professional thief takers do

A

thief takers were paid a reward for catching a criminal and delivering them to the law

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5
Q

how was thief taker corrupted

A

as some criminals also operated as thief takers and informed on rival criminal gang to make money

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6
Q

who was Jonathan Wild

A

he was the most infamous thief taker who secretly led a gang of thieves who claimed rewards when they handed in the stolen goods

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7
Q

what was the punishment for drunkness

A

pillory or stocks

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8
Q

what was the punishment for vagrancy

A

corporal (whipping, maiming or branding)

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9
Q

what was the punishment for heresy in 16th century

A

burning at the stake

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10
Q

how were prison conditions in the 16th century

A

they were poor as inmates had to pay the prison warden for food and other basic things like bedding

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11
Q

define gatehouse

A

building forming a gateway at the entrance to a town or important house, with a room or rooms above

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12
Q

were night watchers paid

A

no they were unpaid volunteers who also had to a normal job in the day to earn a living

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13
Q

name a house of correction

A

Bridewell prison

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14
Q

how were poor people punished in house of correction

A

they had to do hard labour like breaking rocks to pay for for their keep

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15
Q

how did so many people die in prisons

A

prisons were dirty and unhealthy with no proper sanitation and many prisoners died of disease like typhus

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16
Q

what were punishments for smuggling poaching or treason

A

hanging, drawing and quartering

17
Q

define capital crime

A

a crime that is punished with the death penalty

18
Q

what is a pardon

A

when a person is let off punishment for a crime of which they have been convicted

19
Q

what was plead for belly

A

if a pregnant women was condemned to death she would use plead for belly to be allowed to live until the child was born

20
Q

what is transportation

A

being sent away from England to serve a punishment in a colony abroad

21
Q

why was transportation favoured

A
  1. it was seen as an effective deterrent 2. England did not have an effective prison system so made it easier 3. England wanted to establish permanent colonies in North America
22
Q

define colonies

A

new settlements in foreign lands often taken by force from the original inhabitants

23
Q

what is rehabilitate

A

is to help someone

24
Q

roughly how many people were transported to America in the 16th century

A

historians estimate that between 50,000 to 80,000 people were transported

25
Q

how many capital crimes were there by 1688

A

there were 50

26
Q

why was the bloody code introduced

A

to create a strong deterrent so that crime rates would be reduced

27
Q

why was the bloody code unclear

A

as the penalties were so severe, executions were not always carried out. Criminals could receive a pardon. This made the bloody code unclear

28
Q

what did James I do to vagrant children

A

he gave permission for vagrant children in London to be arrested and sent for transportation

29
Q

what happened to transported children

A

many died as conditions on board she and in colonies were extremely tough

30
Q

why were there town constables

A

they were appointed by local people with good standing in the community to better the law enforcements