Bloodloss/Factors Flashcards
By the end of the 19th century what was the major problem with surgery?
Blood loss
What was the early method of dealing with this?
Cauterisation
What did doctors use to try and stem the flow of blood?
Tourniquets
Why were early blood transfusions sometimes not successful?
Different blood groups rejected each other
What animal did they transfer blood from for early transfusions?
Sheep
Which British surgeon gave some successful blood transfusions?
James Blundell
Who discovered blood groups?
Landsteiner
When was the discovery of blood groups made?
1901
What did Landsteiner prove about why there were some incompatible blood types?
The antibodies in the different bloods reject each other
The first successful transfusion took place in 1907 by the American doctor Reuben Ottenburg. True or False?
True
What was the problem with storing blood outside the body?
The blood clotted
What was found to stop blood clotting in 1914?
Sodium citrate
Sodium citrate separated the blood and it could be stored and packed in ice. What was needed to dilute the blood and make is usable again?
Saline
When was the first blood bank set up?
1917
Where was the first blood bank set up?
Battle of Cambrai
When did the First World War break out?
1914
Why was WW1 important for medicine?
More casualties meant more practice so the problem of blood loss in surgery needed to be solved sooner
Who developed plastic surgery as a result of the horrific shrapnel injuries?
Harold Gillies
What was the Waltzing Pedicle?
Grafting skin in a tube to try and stop infection
Name 3 ways that doctors communicated their new ideas
Published in the Lancet, published in newspapers, published notes, conferences
When we’re x-rays developed so that doctors could look inside their patient before they operated?
1895
When was the hypodermic needle invented?
1853
