Bloodflow Flashcards
What are the 3 main blood supplies for the stomach, small intestines, and large intestines?
Stomach-Celiac Trunk
Small and Large Intestines-Inferior and Superior Mesenteric arteries. (Anastomosis between the 2=marginal artery of Drummond)
Oh no! Old grumpy down the road fell and broke the bone located in his anatomical snuffbox. What is the name of the bone, what vessel is there, and what is he at risk of?
He broke his scaphoid. The dorsal branch of radial artery runs there, so with that fracture he is at risk of avascular necrosis.
A baby has 3 cardinal symptoms: Eczema, Recurrent Infections, and Thrombocytopenia. Diagnosis?
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
Also probably has B and T cell deficiency.
What is the pathogenesis of an aortic aneurysm?
There is chronic transmural inflammation that leads to extracellular matrix degradation in the wall of the aorta. The wall then weakens and expands, resulting in an aneurysm, usually below the level of the renal arteries.
A young child comes in with recurrent infections, and on testing you note a lack of CD18 antigens (necessary for integrin formation). What is the diagnosis, and what else would you expect?
Diagnosis=Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency.
Other findings: Persistent leukocytosis, delayed separation of the umbilical cord.
A man is taking pills to kill TB when he presents with fever, arthralgias, and pleuritis. What is the diagnosis, and what process in the liver is implicated?
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus.
Isoniazid (along w/ hydralazine and procainamide) are drugs that are thought to cause this condition.
The process that is messed up is phase II acetylation in the liver.
What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome, and what is the cause?
It’s when the transverse portion of the duodenum gets trapped between the SMA and aorta, secondary to loss of mesenteric fat, lordosis, or surgery to correct scoliosis.
What arteries pass through the transverse foramina of the cerebral vertebra?
The vertebral arteries.
A patient has bulging superficial veins on only the right side of his body. What vessel is most likely blocked?
How does this differ from SVC syndrome?
His right brachiocephalic vein is blocked. The brachiocephalic vein drains the jugular and subclavian veins.
In SVC syndrome, you would expect to see bulging superficial veins on both sides of the body (ie neck and arms on both sides)
A patient with an artificial valve has schistocytes on their smear. This is indicative of?
What effect does it have on serum haptoglobin?
This is indicative of hemolysis. The hemolysis causes release of hemoglobin intravascularly. Since haptoglobin binds to free hemoglobin, the serum haptoglobin will DECREASE in the setting of intravascular hemolytic anemia (along with increased bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase).
What is the most common hematologic malignancy of childhood? How do you differentiate between T cell or B cell? Which is more common?
ALL.
Differentiate because T cell ALL will commonly have a mediastinal mass, present with respiratory symptoms, dysphagia, SVC syndrome.
B cell more common (80%), T cell (15-17%)
A patient is placed on an epinephrine IV drip. Their skin blanches, gets cold dark and pale. You expect that the alpha-1 receptors are activated all around (NE extravasation), and you recognize this could lead to tissue necrosis. What do you do?
Give alpha-1 blockers (ie Phentolamine)
What is essential for the diagnosis of TTP?
Hemolytic anemia
What are the lab findings in Polycythemia Vera, and what mutation is involved?
You’ll find increased hematocrit and erythrocytes. The mutation is a JAK2 mutation, which is a CYTOPLASMIC TYROSINE KINASE associated with the erythropoietin receptor.
A patient has a bleeding problem with their extrinsic pathway. Which factor is most likely deficient? What would be a cause of an extrinsic bleed?
Factor VII–>trauma
Intrinsic=XII, XI, IX, VIIIa
