Bloodborne Diseases Flashcards
What is OPIM?
Other
Potentially
Infectious
Material
What are the three blood borne pathogens?
They are viruses and bacteria in the human blood that cause diseases including:
Hepatitis B and C
And HIV
What is occupational exposure?
Reasonably anticipated skin,eye, mucous membrane, parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that may result in an employees duties
What is parenteral contact?
Entry to the body by any route other than the mouth/digestive system
Typically needle sticks, cuts/abrasions
Bites in violent situations for law enforcement etc
What are some occupational risk an officer can face while handling property of someone with a blood borne pathogen?
Needles/sharps
Cuts
Bites
Blood or secretions from the site of a fur or wound
What is blood?
Components and products of human blood
Pathogen?
An agent of disease, includes bacteria such as staph, HIV, And fungi like yeast
What is the def. of blood borne pathogens?
Pathogenic micro organisms in the human blood that cause diseases
What are some OPIM?
Semen Vaginal secretions Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid-joints Pleural fluid-chest Hear, abdomen, childbirth fluid
What is hepatitis B?
It is a virus that gets into your body and attacks the liver
It’s passed thru contact w/blood or body fluids
100x easier to get than HIV
What are the three main ways to catch hep B?
1) Unprotected sex w/someone who has it
2) Being born to a mother who had it
3) sharing needles/syringes
What are some hep B symptoms?
Jaundice Fatigue Ab pain No appetite Nausea/vomiting Joint pain
Hep b Chronic infections occur in…?
90% of infants affected at birth
30% of children infected 1-5yrs
6% infected after age 5
What is the percentage of liver death in hep B?
15-20%
What is the vaccine for hep b?
3 dose series 1-6months Protection is: First dose- 30-50% Second- 75% Third- 96% Dosage last 23 years
What is hepatitis C?
It’s liver disease caused by hep c found in contact thru blood
What is the most common chronic blood borne pathogen?
Hep c
85%of cases it’s permanent
Number one cause for liver transplants
How is hep c spread?
Thru blood and needles
What is the vaccine for hep c?
There is no vaccine available
What are symptoms of hep c?
Jaundice Fatigue Loss of appetite An pain Intermittent nausea Dark urine
What are the risk groups for blood born pathogens?
Low: healthcare workers, sex with partners infected/ multi sex partners
Intermediate: hemodialysis patients, receipt of transfusions before 1992 born to moms with infections
High: injecting drugs receipt of clotting factors before 1987
What is HIV?
The virus that causes aids-attacks the immune system
Passes thru sex, blood to blood contact
Infected mothers can pass to children at birth or breast feeding
How is HIV transmitted?
Blood
Semen
Vaginal fluid
Breast milk
What are symptoms of HIV?
Unexplained fatigue
Prolonged unexplained fever, chills, night sweats
Weight/appetite loss
What is aids?
Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
Destroys CD4 and T cells which are the immune system
What are other types of infections?
Syphilis
Malaria
Herpes
Hepatitis
What is reasonable accommodation?
To enable qualified disabled employee to perform the essential task of a job
Extends to inexpensive disruptive measures-not burdensome task
Helps with resources/job requirements
What is the foremost body protection from body fluids?
Intact skin
How much hand contamination does gloves reduce?
70-80%
What is the proper dilution for bleach?
Freshly made within 24hrs
1-10 -1-100 concentration
What is liquid waste?
Liquid or semi liquid blood or OPIM
How should sharps containers be?
Close able
Puncture resistance
Leak proof
Labeled or color coated
What is a communicable disease?
An infectious diseases transmitted from person to person by direct contact from an affected person
What is meningitis?
An illness which there is inflammation of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord
Bacterial meningitis is more severe than viral meningitis
What are two airborne pathogens?
Meningitis and tb
What is hep A?
“Oral fecal”
Poor sanitary conditions
Person to person contact with stool and food/mouth
Only hep diseases that’s not blood borne-it has a vaccine
How long can hep c survive on a dry surface?
3-7days
How long can HIV live on a dry surface?
Only a few hours
How long can hep b live on a dry surface?
7days
What are waterborne/food borne illness?
Hep A
Salmonella
Ecoli
What is ECP?
Exposure control plan
Exposure determination
Implement details for specific topics like hep b
Then have methods of compliance
What is determining exposures?
The exposure must be made without regard to the use of personal protective Equipment
What are some symptoms of meningitis?
Stuff neck
Fever
Severe headache
