Blood Volume & Osmoregularity

Question 1

Kidney…

Answer 1

regulate blood plasma composition and remove H20, salt etc

Question 2

fish use…

Answer 2

gills

Question 3

Birds and reptiles use…

Answer 3

salt glands

Question 4

U/P Ratio

Answer 4

osmotic pressure of urine/osmotic pressure of blood plasma

Question 5

Isosmotic urine

Answer 5

U/P=1
equal
water and solutes are excreted equally

Question 6

Hyposmotic urine

Answer 6

U/P<1

urine osmolarity

Question 7

hyper osmotic urine

Answer 7

U/P>1
urine osmolarity>blood
water held back b/c urine has more solutes
solutes excreted b/c urine has more solutes

Question 8

water balance

Answer 8

small changes in osmolarity cause rxn which changes kidney’s water reabsorption

Question 9

water deprivation causes

Answer 9

1-low h20-thirst, plasma osmolarity increases now it is hyper osmotic
2-ADH secretion goes up and H20 permeability goes up
3-h20 reabsorption goes up
4-urine reabsorption goes up while amount goes down

Question 10

water drinking

Answer 10

1-h20 inc and osmolarity goes down-more water less solute
2-osmoreceptors inhibited and ADH goes down
3-cells not as permeable to h20
4-h20 reabsorption goes down
5urine osmolarity goes down and volume goes up

Question 11

ADH-

Answer 11

controls water permeability in cells

Question 12

Corticopapillary osmotic gradient

Answer 12

gradient of osmolarity in fluid of kidney from context to papilla

Question 13

countercurrent multiplication

Answer 13

fun of loop of henle

Question 14

urea recycling

Answer 14

fun of inner medullary collecting ducts, they deposit urea

Question 15

single effect

Answer 15

fun of ascending limb of loop of Henle
1-nacl flows from asc to interstitial fluid so the osmolarity decreases
2-water flows from descending to the inter fluid so the osmolarity increases

Question 16

limb impermeable to h20

Answer 16

ascending limb

Question 17

limp permeable to h20

Answer 17

descending limb