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ANATOMY3: Orbital contents > Blood vessels of the orbit > Flashcards

Blood vessels of the orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What blood vessel chiefly supplies the orbital contents?

A

the ophthalmic artery

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2
Q

What is the origin of the ophthalmic artery and where does it arise from?

A

internal carotid artery - ophthalmic artery arises shortly after ICA emerges from the roof of the cavernous sinus

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3
Q

What structure does the ophthalmic artery initially closely follow on its course?

A

commences course beneath the optic nerve

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4
Q

What is the course of the ophthalmic artery until it divides?

A
  • commences course beneath optic nerve
  • closely bound to dura while in optic canal
  • winds around optic nerve’s lateral aspect and passes above the nerve
  • proceeds forwards above medial rectus + under superior oblique
  • divides into dorsal nasal and supratrochlear branhces
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5
Q

What is the ophthalmic artery closely bound to whilst in the optic canal?

A

dural

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6
Q

What 2 branches does the ophthalmic artery divide into to end its tortuous course?

A
  • dorsal nasal branch
  • supratrochlear branch
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7
Q

What are the 13 vessels which supply the orbit (shown in the image with corresponding numbers), all of which are branches of the ophthalmic artery?

A
  1. Central retinal artery
  2. Posterior ciliary arteries (2 trunks)
  3. Lacrimal artery
  4. Recurrent branches (to meninges)
  5. Muscular branches (form anterior ciliary arteries)
  6. Supraorbital artery
  7. Posterior ethmoidal artery
  8. Anterior ethmoidal artery
  9. Superior and inferior medial palpebral arteries
  10. Dorsalis nasi
  11. Supratrochlear
  12. Superior and inferior lateral palpebral arteries
  13. Zygomatic branches of lacrimal artery
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8
Q

How do the posterior ciliary arteries arise from the ophthalmic artery and what do they form?

A
  • arise as two trunks
  • divide into short posterior ciliary arteries (7 or more)
  • and long posterior ciliary arteries (usually 2, medial and lateral)
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9
Q

How many short posterior ciliary arteries usually arise from the posterior ciliary arteries?

A

7 or more

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10
Q

How many long posterior ciliary arteries usually arise from the posterior ciliary arteries?

A

usually 2, medial and lateral

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11
Q

What do the recurrent branches of the ophthalmic artery supply?

A

meninges

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12
Q

What do the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery give rise to?

A

anterior ciliary arteries

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13
Q

How many key sites of anastomosis between the branches of the internal and external carotid arteries are there?

A

3

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14
Q

What are the 3 important anastomoses between ECA and ICA?

A
  1. ECA: angular artery (facial) - ICA: dorsalis nasi (ophthalmic)
  2. ECA: transverse facial artery (superficial temporal) - ICA: lacrimal artery (ophthalmic)
  3. ECA: middle meningeal artery and deep temporal artery - ICA: lacrimal artery (ophthalmic
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15
Q

What is the region of anastomosis of ECA branch: angular artery (facial) to ICA branch: dorsalis nasi (ophthalmic)?

A

medial palpebral margin

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16
Q

What is the region of anastomosis of the ECA branch: transverse facial artery (superficial temporal) to ICA branch: lacrimal artery (ophthalmic)?

A

lateral palpebral margin

17
Q

What is the region of anastomosis of the ECA branch: middle meningeal artery & deep temporal artery to ICA branch: lacrimal artery (ophthalmic)?

A

orbit

18
Q

In which type of disease may the ICA-ECA anastomoses be important?

A

occlusive vascular disease of the ophthalmic artery - serving as alternative routes of blood supply to the eye and orbit

19
Q

What is special about the veins accompanying the anastomosing arteries supplying the eye and why is this important?

A
  • no valves
  • several sites of communication between veins on upper face and lids with intraorbital veins (superior and inferior ophthalmic veins) - drain posteriorly into cavernous sinuses
20
Q

Via which route may the inferior ophthalmic vein drain?

A

via inferior orbital fissure into the pterygoid plexus

21
Q

What are the intraobrital veins and where do they drain?

A

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, drain posteriorly into cavernous sinuses

22
Q

Why are the communications of veins of the orbit + upper face/lids important clinically?

A

act as potential routes for spread of infection from face around nose and eye to cavernous sinuses and cranial cavity

ANATOMY3: Orbital contents (3 decks)

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