Blood Vessels and Circulation Conditions

Question 1

heart weighs

Answer 1

310g

Question 2

hypertension

Answer 2

greater than 140/90

Question 3

aortic dissection / dissecting aneurysm

Answer 3

blood surges through a tear into the middle layer of the aorta

Question 4

aneurysm

Answer 4

a weak point in a blood vessel wall

Bp pushes weakend section of an arterial wall outward

Question 5

hemorrhaging

Answer 5

severe blood lost

Question 6

CV system adjusts to blood lost

Answer 6

maintain blood pressure

restore blood volume

(kidneys will retain H₂O to maintain pressure)

Question 7

shock

Answer 7

when the body is not getting enough blood flow

can damage multiple organs

Question 8

hypovolemic shock

Answer 8

inadequate blood volume

Question 9

3 short term responses to hemorrhage

Answer 9

carotid and aortic reflexes

sympathetic nervous system

hormonal effects

Question 10

carotid and aortic reflexes

(short term hemorrhage response)

Answer 10

increase cardiac output

everything goes to the heart

Question 11

sympathetic nervous system

(short term hemorrhage response)

Answer 11

constricts arterioles

venoconstriction improves venous return

Question 12

hormonal effects

(short term hemorrhage response)

Answer 12

increase cardiac output

increase peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 13

4 long term responses to hemorrhage

Answer 13

remove fluids from interstitial space

fluid retention and reabsorption

thirst increases

increase RBC production

Question 14

arteriosclerosis

Answer 14

hardening of the arteries

thickens the wall of arteries and has loss of elasticity

Question 15

atherosclerosis

Answer 15

plaque build up in vessel

type of arteriosclerosis

Question 16

increased risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 16

high BP

high cholesterol

diabetes

obesity

smoking

Question 17

stenosis

Answer 17

abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or valves

Question 18

thrombus

Answer 18

blood clot that forms in a vein

Question 19

embolus

Answer 19

travels through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass

Question 20

angina

Answer 20

type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

symptoms: squeezing pressure, heaviness, tightness and pain

Question 21

stable angina

Answer 21

develops when your heart works harder

dissapears sooner if you rest or use meds

Question 22

unstable angina

Answer 22

occurs even at rest

unexpected

lasts longer

might signal a MI

Question 23

Myocardial Ischemia

Answer 23

blood flow to your heart muscle is decreased by blockage

reduces hearts oxygen supply

Question 24

myocardial infarction

Answer 24

blockage of coronary blood flow

can cause: angina, tissue damage, heart failure or death

Question 25

angioplasty

Answer 25

non surgical technique that uses catheters and small stents to keep the arteries open

Question 26

stroke

Answer 26

sudden lost of brain function

causes neurons to die

stops blood flow

Question 27

venous insufficiency

Answer 27

problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart

Question 28

pulmonary Edema

Answer 28

abnormal buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs

leads to shortness of breath

caused by congestive heart failure

Question 29

3 age related changes in blood

Answer 29

decreased hematocrit

blood clots

blood pooling

Question 30

5 age related changes in the heart

Answer 30

reduced max cardiac output

changes in nodal and conducting cells

reduced elasticity of fibrous skeleton

progressive atherosclerosis

replacement of damaged cardiac muscle cells by scar tissue

Question 31

3 age related changes in blood vessels

Answer 31

arteries become less elastic (pressure cause aneurysm)

calcium deposits on vessel walls (cause stroke or infarction)

thrombi can form