Blood Vessels

Question 1

Giant Cell Arteritis

Affected Structure, Presentation (4) and Morphology (3)

Answer 1

Temporal A.

Headache, pain along Temporal Artery, diplopia and vision loss

Intimal thickening, Granuloma formation and Elastic lamina fragmentation

Question 2

Takayasu Arteritis
Affected Structures (4), Presentation (3) and Morphology

Answer 2

Aortic arch, Coronary As, Pulmonary A, Renal As

Weak UE pulse, Visual defects, Retinal hemorrhage

Histo similar to Giant Cell Arteritis

Question 3

Polyarteritis Nodosa
Affected Structures (4), Presentation (4) and Morphology

Answer 3

Renal As, Coronary As, Hepatic As, GI As

Cyclic rapid HTN, bloody stool, myalgias, neuritis
Seen in chronic Hep B Pts

Segmental transmural fibrinoid necrosis

Question 4

Kawasaki Disease

Affected Structure, Presentation (5)

Answer 4

Coronary As

Conjunctival, Oral, Palms and Soles erythema in young children

Question 5

Microscopic Polyangitis
Affected Structures (2), Presentation (4) and Morphology

Answer 5

Renal glomeruli and Lung capillaries

Hemoptysis, Hematuria, Proteinuria, Palpable purpura

Fibrinoid necrosis called leukocytoclastic vasculitis

Question 6

Churg Strauss Syndrome

Presentation (5) and Morphology (3)

Answer 6

Palpable purpura, GI bleeding, Renal disease, Cardiomyopathy, Allergic Rhinitis

Fibrinoid necrosis with eosinophils and granulomas

Question 7

Behcet Disease

Presentation (3) and Associated Gene

Answer 7

Aphthous oral cavity ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis

HLA-B51

Question 8

Granulomatosis with Polyangitis

Presentation (3) and Morphology (2)

Answer 8

Pneumonitis, Sinusitis, Nasopharyngeal Ulceration

Crescenteric glomerulonephritis and geographic necrotizing granuloma cavitations (T cell hypersensitivity)

Question 9

Thromboangitis Obliterans
Affected Structures (2), Presentation (6)

Answer 9

Tibial As and Radial As

Raynaud phenomenon
Intermittent claudication
Instep claudication 
Superficial nodular phlebitis
Extremity pain at rest
Gangrene

Question 10

Raynaud Phenomenon

Primary and Secondary Distinctions (3 each)

Answer 10

Primary
Young women
Induced by cold/emotion
Symmetric

Secondary
Caused by arterial disease (SLE, scleroderma),
Asymmetric
Worsens with time

Question 11

Varicose Veins Presentation (2)

Answer 11

Presents with stasis dermatitis, superficial thrombus

Question 12

Portal Hypertension Presentations (3)

Answer 12

Esophageal Varices (may fatally rupture)

Caput Medusae (periumbilical Vs)

Hemorrhoids

Question 13

Deep Vein Thrombosis (thrombophlebitis)

Causes (2) and Complication

Answer 13

Prolonged inactivity of LE
Systemic hypercoagulability

Pulmonary Embolism (most serious)

Question 14

Migratory Thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndrome)
Description and Associated Issues (3)

Answer 14

Paraneoplastic thrombus formation

Associated with mucin producing adenocarcinomas of lung, ovary and pancreas

Question 15

Lymphangitis Description (2)

Answer 15

Acute inflammation along lymphatics caused by Group A Streptococci

Question 16

Benign Tumors Descriptions

Ectasias, Hemangiomas, Lymphangiomas, Glomus Tumors, Bacillary Angiomatosis

Answer 16

Ectasias - local dilation of a structure

Hemangiomas - local increase in neoplastic vessels

Lymphangiomas - simple or cavernous (Turner’s)

Glomus Tumors - from smooth muscle, painful, fingers

Bacillary Angiomatosis - capillary proliferation causing red papule from Bartonella infection

Question 17

Kaposi Sarcoma

Cause and Epidemiology (4)

Answer 17

Caused by Human Herpes Virus 8

Aids associated most common in US
Classic is in older men with tumors on skin
Endemic African is seen in younger men
Transplant associated associated with T cell immunosuppression

Question 18

Angiosarcoma
Risk Factors (2), Presentation (4)

Answer 18

Carcinogen exposure: Arsenic, Thorotrast, Polyvinyl chloride
Radical Mastectomy: caused by lymphedema

Endothelial neoplasm of skin, soft tissue, breast and liver