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PATHOLOGY > BLOOD VESSELS > Flashcards

BLOOD VESSELS Flashcards

1
Q

vessel change seen in hypertension , essential and DM

A

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

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2
Q

vessel change in malignant hypertension

A

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

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3
Q

what are the two important causes of atherogenesis

A

hypercholesterolemia, hemodynamic changes

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4
Q

enumerate the steps of atherogenesis

A

LDL is deposited on the luminal wall, cells release ros , damages them and is now engulfed by the macrophage who then releases growth factors and causing the middle cell layer to migrate to the intima

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5
Q

most common sites of involvement of atheromatous plaque in descending order

A 
lower abdominal aorta
cornary artery
popliteal
carotid
circle of willis
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6
Q

components of an atheromatous plaque

A

fibrous cap and lipid core,neovascularization

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7
Q

percentage of vessel occlusion which is considered critical in the coronary arteries

A

70%

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8
Q

marfan , has a defect in _____

ehler’s danlos

A

marfan: fibrillin

ehler’s danlos: collagen

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9
Q

part of the aorta affected in collagen disorders (kind of aneurysm)

A

thoracic

abdominal: classic hypertensive, fifty, with atheroslcerosis

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10
Q

vasculitis of the small and medium blood vessels morphology; how bout large vessel?

A

small and medium: necrotizing

large: granulomatous

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11
Q

vasculitidis mechanism polyarteritis nodosa

A

immunecomplex deposition

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12
Q

vasculitis mechanism in small vessels

A

mediated by anti neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody

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13
Q

vasculitis mechanism in kawasakin

A

anti endothelial cell antibodies

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14
Q

vasculitis mechanism in large vessels

A

t cell mediated: granuloma formation

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15
Q

differentiate takayasu and large cell arteritis

A 
large cell
older than fifty
temporal arteries
seen in the temporal arteries
associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
presntation: headache

takayasu: occurs in older than fifty, branches of the aorta,
presentation: visual disturbances, pulseless disease

morphology: seen as granulomatous changes in the middle layer, with t cell proliferation

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16
Q

what are the medium vessel vasculitis

A

PAN AND KAWASAKI

17
Q

differentiate pan and kawasaki

A

pan:
hepa B association
renal and visceral , never pulmonary, therefore abdominal ischemia and hypertension

kawasaki: most important cause of mi in young children
coronary arteries, can involve small vessels

morphology: segmental , transmural necrotizing inflam with fibrinoid necrosis
more prominent fibrinoid necrosis in pan

18
Q

what are the small vessel vasculitis

A

microscopic polyangitis, churg strauss, wegener’s granulomatosis

19
Q

what organs or vessels are affected with microscopic polyangitis
what about churg strauss

A

kidney and lung

GIT, skin, heart

20
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of microscopic polyangitis and churg strauss

A

microscopi: hematuria, hemoptyisis churg strauss: asthma like symptoms, with palpable purpura , GI bleed, FS
gs (organs affected GIT, skin, heart)

21
Q

what is the marker present in small vessel vasculitis

A

microscopic polyangitis and churg strauss: MPO -anca

wegener’s : PR3 anca (p-anca)

22
Q

what are the clinical features of wegener’s granulomatosis

A

necrotizing pneumonitis
bilateral nodular and cavitary infiltrates , 95%
tapos, other respiratory tract ulcerations and stuff

23
Q

what is behcet syndrome

A

uveitis, oral and genital ulcers

24
Q

what vessels does behcet affect

morphology

A

small and medium

neutrophilic microabscesses

25
Q

what is buerger’s dse or thromboangitis obliterans, clin manif

A

associated with smoking

claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis

26
Q

morhology of thromboangitis obliterans

A

thrombosis with microabscesses

27
Q

what is osler weber rendu syndrome

A

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, multiple telangiectasia in skin, oral mucousmembranes, respiratory, GIT and urinary tracts

28
Q

what is von hippel lindau

A

cavernous hemnagioma in the cerebellum, brainstem, retina, pancreas and liver

29
Q

what kaposi sarcoma types are associated with HIV

A

transplant and epidemic

PATHOLOGY (3 decks)

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