BLOOD VESSELS Flashcards
vessel change seen in hypertension , essential and DM
hyaline arteriolosclerosis
vessel change in malignant hypertension
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
what are the two important causes of atherogenesis
hypercholesterolemia, hemodynamic changes
enumerate the steps of atherogenesis
LDL is deposited on the luminal wall, cells release ros , damages them and is now engulfed by the macrophage who then releases growth factors and causing the middle cell layer to migrate to the intima
most common sites of involvement of atheromatous plaque in descending order
lower abdominal aorta cornary artery popliteal carotid circle of willis
components of an atheromatous plaque
fibrous cap and lipid core,neovascularization
percentage of vessel occlusion which is considered critical in the coronary arteries
70%
marfan , has a defect in _____
ehler’s danlos
marfan: fibrillin
ehler’s danlos: collagen
part of the aorta affected in collagen disorders (kind of aneurysm)
thoracic
abdominal: classic hypertensive, fifty, with atheroslcerosis
vasculitis of the small and medium blood vessels morphology; how bout large vessel?
small and medium: necrotizing
large: granulomatous
vasculitidis mechanism polyarteritis nodosa
immunecomplex deposition
vasculitis mechanism in small vessels
mediated by anti neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody
vasculitis mechanism in kawasakin
anti endothelial cell antibodies
vasculitis mechanism in large vessels
t cell mediated: granuloma formation
differentiate takayasu and large cell arteritis
large cell older than fifty temporal arteries seen in the temporal arteries associated with polymyalgia rheumatica presntation: headache
takayasu: occurs in older than fifty, branches of the aorta,
presentation: visual disturbances, pulseless disease
morphology: seen as granulomatous changes in the middle layer, with t cell proliferation
what are the medium vessel vasculitis
PAN AND KAWASAKI
differentiate pan and kawasaki
pan:
hepa B association
renal and visceral , never pulmonary, therefore abdominal ischemia and hypertension
kawasaki: most important cause of mi in young children
coronary arteries, can involve small vessels
morphology: segmental , transmural necrotizing inflam with fibrinoid necrosis
more prominent fibrinoid necrosis in pan
what are the small vessel vasculitis
microscopic polyangitis, churg strauss, wegener’s granulomatosis
what organs or vessels are affected with microscopic polyangitis
what about churg strauss
kidney and lung
GIT, skin, heart
what are the clinical manifestations of microscopic polyangitis and churg strauss
microscopi: hematuria, hemoptyisis churg strauss: asthma like symptoms, with palpable purpura , GI bleed, FS
gs (organs affected GIT, skin, heart)
what is the marker present in small vessel vasculitis
microscopic polyangitis and churg strauss: MPO -anca
wegener’s : PR3 anca (p-anca)
what are the clinical features of wegener’s granulomatosis
necrotizing pneumonitis
bilateral nodular and cavitary infiltrates , 95%
tapos, other respiratory tract ulcerations and stuff
what is behcet syndrome
uveitis, oral and genital ulcers
what vessels does behcet affect
morphology
small and medium
neutrophilic microabscesses
what is buerger’s dse or thromboangitis obliterans, clin manif
associated with smoking
claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis
morhology of thromboangitis obliterans
thrombosis with microabscesses
what is osler weber rendu syndrome
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, multiple telangiectasia in skin, oral mucousmembranes, respiratory, GIT and urinary tracts
what is von hippel lindau
cavernous hemnagioma in the cerebellum, brainstem, retina, pancreas and liver
what kaposi sarcoma types are associated with HIV
transplant and epidemic
