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chapter 20 > blood vessels > Flashcards

blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

vaso vasorum

A

small blood vessels that supply blood to the cells of the walls of the arteries and veins

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2
Q

tunica intima

A

simple squamous epithelium know as endothelium, basement membrane, internal elastic lamina

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3
Q

tunica media

A

circular smooth muscle & elastic fibers

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4
Q

tunica adventitia

A

elastic & collagen fibers

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5
Q

endothelium layer

A

selectively permeable barrier to material entering or leaving the bloodstream

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6
Q

what are the functional properties of arteries?

A

elasticity & contractility

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7
Q

elastic arteries

A

large conducting arteries with more elastic fibers and less smooth muscle in tunica media. receive blood under pressure and propel it onward. they function as a pressure reservoir. aorta, common carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, common iliac arteries

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8
Q

muscular arteries

A

medium sized distributing arteries with more smooth muscle than elastic fibers in tunica media. capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to adjust rate and direction of flow

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9
Q

anastomoses

A

union of 2 or more muscular arteries supplying the same body region

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10
Q

collateral circulation

A

alternate route of blood flow through an anastomosis

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11
Q

arterioles

A

very small artery that branch from muscular arteries. regulate blood flow into a capillary bed through vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the arteriole

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12
Q

continuous capillaries

A

uninterrupted endothelium with intercellular clefts between neighboring cells. skeletal muscle, ct and lungs

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13
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

plasma membranes have many small holes. kidneys, small intestine, choroid plexuses and endocrine glands

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14
Q

sinusoids

A

very large holes separate cells and basement membrane. liver and spleen. rbc and proteins

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15
Q

precapillary sphincter

A

ring of smooth muscle located at origin of each capillary from an arteriole. controls blood flow in capillary bed.

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16
Q

vasomotion

A

the intermittent contraction and relaxation of sphincters

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17
Q

venous return

A

the rate of blood flow back to the heart

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18
Q

diffusion

A

most important method of capillary exchange. substances such as O2, CO2, glucose, amino acids, hormones. all plasma solutes except large proteins pass freely across their concentration gradient

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19
Q

transcytosis

A

passage of material across endothelium in tiny vesicles by endocytosis and exocytosis. large, lipid-insoluble molecules such as antibodies

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20
Q

bulk flow

A

movement of large amount of dissolved or suspended material in same direction. move in response to pressure

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21
Q

filtration

A

blood hydrostatic pressure & interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

22
Q

reabsorption

A

blood colloid osmotic pressure & interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

23
Q

blood hydrostatic pressure(BHP)

A

fluid pressure within capillaries, tends to push fluid out

24
Q

blood colloid osmotic pressure(BCOP)

A

generated by plasma proteins trapped in capillaries, tends to draw fluid in

25
Q

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure(IFHP)

A

pressure of IF pressing on outside capillary wall, typically negligible, may become inward force

26
Q

interstitial fluid osmotic pressure(IFOP)

A

force of osmosis created by small proteins that leaked into interstitium, pulls fluid outward

27
Q

inflammation

A

histamines released cause vasodilation, drops BHP, favors reabsorption

28
Q

hemorrhage

A

drops BHP, favors reabsorption

29
Q

hypertension

A

increase in BHP, favors filtration

30
Q

hemodynamics(flow of blood)

A

is effected by pressure(velocity of blood flow, volume of blood flow, blood pressure), peripheral resistance, venous return

31
Q

blood flow

A

increase flow, increase BP

increase resistance, decrease blood flow

32
Q

peripheral resistance

A

the opposition to blood flow as a result of friction between blood and the walls of the blood vessels. depends on diameter, blood viscosity & blood vessel length.
directly proportional to BP

33
Q

volume of blood flow

A

CO

increase BP, decrease volume

34
Q

velocity of blood flow

A

speed of blood flow in inversely related to cross sectional area of blood vessels

35
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure exerted by blood on walls of vessel

36
Q

systolic BP

A

peak arterial pressure

@ ventricular contraction

37
Q

diastolic BP

A

minimum arterial pressure@ ventricular relation between heartbeats. provides information about systemic vascular resistance

38
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic & diastolic. provides measure of stress provided on small arteries by pulse

39
Q

autoregulation

A

the ability of a tissue to automatically adjust its own blood flow to match its metabolic demand for supply of O2 and nutrients and removal of waste. tissue secrete NO, relax precapillary sphincters, lower BP

40
Q

carotid sinus reflex

A

maintains normal BP in brain

41
Q

aortic reflex

A

maintains general systemic BP

42
Q

angiotensin II

A 
vasoconstrictor
stimulates thirst
Stimulates adh(increased water absorption at kidney
stimulates aldosterone(increased Na &H2O reabsorption by kidneys)
43
Q

epinephrine(also norepinephrine)

A

directs blood from skin and abdominal organs to the skeletal muscles.
increase HR,SV,CO, thus increases BP

44
Q

ADH(vasopressin)

A

targets kidneys to retain water, also stimulates vasoconstriction at high levels

45
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

stimulates vasodilation, increase Na and water loss, antagonizes aldosterone, inhibits thirst
lowers blood volume—>lowers blood pressure

46
Q

portal systems

A

blood flows through two connective capillary networks before returning to the heart. bypasses circulation. transports products of one region directly to another region

47
Q

aneurysm

A

weak pt in an artery of in the heart wall. it forms a thin walled, bulging sac and may eventually rupture. caused by arteriosclerosis(hardening of the arteries) and hypertension

48
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface

49
Q

colloid osmotic pressure

A

is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in a blood vessel’s plasma that usually tends to pull water in. It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure

50
Q

vasomotor tone

A

vessels in a state of partial contraction. maintains the diameter of the blood vessels and therefore is important in maintaing blood pressure.
increase sympathetic ns–>increase VT
increase parasympathetic ns–>decrease VT

chapter 20 (1 decks)

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