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chapter 20 > blood vessels > Flashcards

blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

vaso vasorum

A

small blood vessels that supply blood to the cells of the walls of the arteries and veins

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2
Q

tunica intima

A

simple squamous epithelium know as endothelium, basement membrane, internal elastic lamina

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3
Q

tunica media

A

circular smooth muscle & elastic fibers

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4
Q

tunica adventitia

A

elastic & collagen fibers

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5
Q

endothelium layer

A

selectively permeable barrier to material entering or leaving the bloodstream

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6
Q

what are the functional properties of arteries?

A

elasticity & contractility

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7
Q

elastic arteries

A

large conducting arteries with more elastic fibers and less smooth muscle in tunica media. receive blood under pressure and propel it onward. they function as a pressure reservoir. aorta, common carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, common iliac arteries

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8
Q

muscular arteries

A

medium sized distributing arteries with more smooth muscle than elastic fibers in tunica media. capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to adjust rate and direction of flow

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9
Q

anastomoses

A

union of 2 or more muscular arteries supplying the same body region

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10
Q

collateral circulation

A

alternate route of blood flow through an anastomosis

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11
Q

arterioles

A

very small artery that branch from muscular arteries. regulate blood flow into a capillary bed through vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the arteriole

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12
Q

continuous capillaries

A

uninterrupted endothelium with intercellular clefts between neighboring cells. skeletal muscle, ct and lungs

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13
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

plasma membranes have many small holes. kidneys, small intestine, choroid plexuses and endocrine glands

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14
Q

sinusoids

A

very large holes separate cells and basement membrane. liver and spleen. rbc and proteins

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15
Q

precapillary sphincter

A

ring of smooth muscle located at origin of each capillary from an arteriole. controls blood flow in capillary bed.

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16
Q

vasomotion

A

the intermittent contraction and relaxation of sphincters

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17
Q

venous return

A

the rate of blood flow back to the heart

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18
Q

diffusion

A

most important method of capillary exchange. substances such as O2, CO2, glucose, amino acids, hormones. all plasma solutes except large proteins pass freely across their concentration gradient

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19
Q

transcytosis

A

passage of material across endothelium in tiny vesicles by endocytosis and exocytosis. large, lipid-insoluble molecules such as antibodies

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20
Q

bulk flow

A

movement of large amount of dissolved or suspended material in same direction. move in response to pressure

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21
Q

filtration

A

blood hydrostatic pressure & interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

22
Q

reabsorption

A

blood colloid osmotic pressure & interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

23
Q

blood hydrostatic pressure(BHP)

A

fluid pressure within capillaries, tends to push fluid out

24
Q

blood colloid osmotic pressure(BCOP)

A

generated by plasma proteins trapped in capillaries, tends to draw fluid in

25
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure(IFHP)
pressure of IF pressing on outside capillary wall, typically negligible, may become inward force
26
interstitial fluid osmotic pressure(IFOP)
force of osmosis created by small proteins that leaked into interstitium, pulls fluid outward
27
inflammation
histamines released cause vasodilation, drops BHP, favors reabsorption
28
hemorrhage
drops BHP, favors reabsorption
29
hypertension
increase in BHP, favors filtration
30
hemodynamics(flow of blood)
is effected by pressure(velocity of blood flow, volume of blood flow, blood pressure), peripheral resistance, venous return
31
blood flow
increase flow, increase BP | increase resistance, decrease blood flow
32
peripheral resistance
the opposition to blood flow as a result of friction between blood and the walls of the blood vessels. depends on diameter, blood viscosity & blood vessel length. directly proportional to BP
33
volume of blood flow
CO | increase BP, decrease volume
34
velocity of blood flow
speed of blood flow in inversely related to cross sectional area of blood vessels
35
blood pressure
pressure exerted by blood on walls of vessel
36
systolic BP
peak arterial pressure | @ ventricular contraction
37
diastolic BP
minimum arterial pressure@ ventricular relation between heartbeats. provides information about systemic vascular resistance
38
pulse pressure
difference between systolic & diastolic. provides measure of stress provided on small arteries by pulse
39
autoregulation
the ability of a tissue to automatically adjust its own blood flow to match its metabolic demand for supply of O2 and nutrients and removal of waste. tissue secrete NO, relax precapillary sphincters, lower BP
40
carotid sinus reflex
maintains normal BP in brain
41
aortic reflex
maintains general systemic BP
42
angiotensin II
``` vasoconstrictor stimulates thirst Stimulates adh(increased water absorption at kidney stimulates aldosterone(increased Na &H2O reabsorption by kidneys) ```
43
epinephrine(also norepinephrine)
directs blood from skin and abdominal organs to the skeletal muscles. increase HR,SV,CO, thus increases BP
44
ADH(vasopressin)
targets kidneys to retain water, also stimulates vasoconstriction at high levels
45
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
stimulates vasodilation, increase Na and water loss, antagonizes aldosterone, inhibits thirst lowers blood volume--->lowers blood pressure
46
portal systems
blood flows through two connective capillary networks before returning to the heart. bypasses circulation. transports products of one region directly to another region
47
aneurysm
weak pt in an artery of in the heart wall. it forms a thin walled, bulging sac and may eventually rupture. caused by arteriosclerosis(hardening of the arteries) and hypertension
48
hydrostatic pressure
the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface
49
colloid osmotic pressure
is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in a blood vessel's plasma that usually tends to pull water in. It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure
50
vasomotor tone
vessels in a state of partial contraction. maintains the diameter of the blood vessels and therefore is important in maintaing blood pressure. increase sympathetic ns-->increase VT increase parasympathetic ns-->decrease VT

chapter 20 (1 decks)

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