blood vessela and coronary circulation

Question 1

describe turbulent flow

Answer 1

Pressure generates flow. initially as pressure increases flow increases as laminar flow. After a certain point, as pressure increases the flow becomes more turbulent.

Question 2

velocity

Answer 2

velocity = volumetric flow / cross sectional area

the narrower the vessel the faster the flow.

Question 3

Flow

Answer 3

Flow is generated by pressure. As pressure increases flow increases.

Question 4

describe the total arterial cross sectional area

Answer 4

From highest area to lowest:
capillaries
arterioles
arteries
aorta

Question 5

describe the total venous cross sectional area

Answer 5

From highest area to lowest:
*capillaries
Venules
Veins
Vena cava

Question 6

describe velocity of arterial blood flow

Answer 6

Highest velocity to lowest:
aorta
arteries
arterioles ,capillaries,

Question 7

describe velocity of venous blood flow

Answer 7

Highest velocity to lowest:
Vena cava (*not as high as aortic)
Veins
Venules , capillaries

Question 8

What parameters determine resistance?

Answer 8

Length of blood flow
radius of the vessel
viscosity of blood

Question 9

describe the relationship between flow and the pressure gradient

Answer 9

Flow is inversely proportional to the press gradient. So as the pressure gradient increases, flow decreases.

Question 10

describe relationship between flow and resistance

Answer 10

Flow is inversely proportional to resistance. So as the resistance increases, flow decreases.

Question 11

what is active hyperaemia

Answer 11

hyperaemia is the increase in local blood flow in response to local metabolic activity. This response may be mediated by changes in concentrations of oxygen, CO2, K+ and H+.
Substances produced by surounding tissue such as adenosine or by vascular tissue such as nitric oxide (NO) also causes vasodilation.

Question 12

when does blood flow through the left coronary artery occur?

Answer 12

diastole