Blood values

Question 1

hemoglobin

Answer 1

12-18g/100mL  
pregnant women: 11-14 
measures oxygen capacity of bloo 
low: hemorrhage, anemia
high: polycythemia

Question 2

hematocrit

Answer 2

35-50% 
pregnant women 30-39
measures relative volume of cells and plasma in blood
low: hemorrhage, anemia 
high: polycythemia, dehydration

Question 3

red blood cell

Answer 3

4-5 million/mm3
measure oxygen carrying capacity of blood
low: hemorrhage, anemia
high: polycythemia heart disease pulmonary disease

Question 4

WBC

Answer 4

infant: 8,000-15,000
8-18: 4,500-13,5000
measure host defense against inflammatory agent
low: aplastic anemia, drug toxicity, specific infections
high: inflammation trauma toxicity leukemia

Question 5

prothrombin time

Answer 5

1-18 sec
measure extrinsic
prolonged in liver disease, impaired vit. K production , surgical trauma with blood loss

Question 6

PTT

Answer 6

Partial thromboplastin time

measure intrinsic clotting of blood, congenital clotting disorders

Question 7

platelets

Answer 7

140,000-340,000
pregnant slightly decrease 
measure clotting potential 
increase in polycythemia, leukemia, severe hemorrhage; 
decrease in thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 8

bleeding time

Answer 8

1-6 min
measure quality of platelets
prolonged in thrombocytopenia

Question 9

international normalized ration INR

Answer 9

normal 1
w/ anticoagulant : 2-3
measures extrinsic clotting function
increased with anticoagulant therapy

Question 10

urine volume

Answer 10

1000-2000mL/day

increase in diabetes mellitus, chronic nephritis

Question 11

specific gravity

Answer 11

1.015-1.025

measure degree of tubular reabsorption and dehydration

Question 12

pH

Answer 12

6-8

acidic: DM, acidosis , prolonged fever
alkaline: UTI

Question 13

sodium

Answer 13

135-147 mE/q

Question 14

potassium

Answer 14

3.5-5 mE/q

Increase in tissue breakdown

Question 15

ALT

Answer 15

7-41

pregnant women: 3-33

Question 16

AST

Answer 16

12-38

pregnant women: 2-33