Blood- Unit 2

Question 1

What is the liquid portion of blood called?

Answer 1

Plasma

Question 2

What is the cellular portion of blood called?

Answer 2

Formed elements

Question 3

What are the 5 function of blood?

Answer 3

Transporter, Ph regulator, Body fluid regulator, Body temperature regulation, hemostasis

Question 4

What is the pH range of blood in the body?

Answer 4

7.35-7.45

Question 5

albumin makes up over –% of the proteins in plasma.

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

Globulins make up –% of plasma proteins

Answer 6

35-38%

Question 7

What percentage of an individuals blood volume is plasma?

Answer 7

55%

Question 8

What percentage of plasma is water?

Answer 8

92%

Question 9

What is a colloid?

Answer 9

a homogenous mixture with large particles that usually looks cloudy

Question 10

What is the most common colloid in the human body?

Answer 10

Plasma and the proteins in it

Question 11

What are the major colloidal proteins in blood plasma?

Answer 11

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogens

Question 12

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 12

Albumin

Question 13

What percentage of the total blood proteins is albumin?

Answer 13

60%

Question 14

What is the 2nd most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 14

Globulin

Question 15

Which plasma protein often includes antibodies?

Answer 15

Globulin

Question 16

What is the least abundant plasma protein?

Answer 16

Fibrinogen

Question 17

Blood plasma without any clotting factors is known as

Answer 17

Serum

Question 18

Red blood cells alone make up what percentage of blood volume?

Answer 18

45%

Question 19

What is the name of he protein enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate?

Answer 19

Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 20

What gives erythrocytes their red color?

Answer 20

Single iron atom

Question 21

Each heme group can transport how many molecules of oxygen?

Answer 21

One

Question 22

what is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 22

when oxygen is bound to hemoglobin

Question 23

Hemoglobin without oxygen is called—

Answer 23

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 24

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

Answer 24

Hemoglobin that is transferring carbon dioxide bound to the global subunits

Question 25

specialized fetal hemoglobin has a ------ affinity for oxygen than an adult hemoglobin

Answer 25

greater

Question 26

How many red blood cells exsit in an adult body at any given time?

Answer 26

25 trillion

Question 27

How many new red blood cells enter the blood stream every second?

Answer 27

over two million

Question 28

What are hematopoietic growth factors?

Answer 28

small signaling molecules that stimulate the production and differentiation of the various types of blood cells

Question 29

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 29

the HGF responsible for the production of the red blood cell

Question 30

Where is erythropoietin release from?

Answer 30

specialized cells in the kidneys

Question 31

what is the order of the maturation of a red blood cell?

Answer 31

hemocytoblast-Proeryroblast- reticulocyte-erythrocyte

Question 32

Erythropoiesis requires dietary intake of what 3 things? What is it called when there is a deficiency in any of these?

Answer 32

Iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12, Anemia

Question 33

What is it called when the blood stream is unable to properly distribute oxygen throughout the circulatory system to the cells of the human body?

Answer 33

Anemia

Question 34

What is deficient in pernicious anemia?

Answer 34

Vitamin B-12

Question 35

What absorbs B-12 in the stomach?

Answer 35

Intrinsic factor

Question 36

What is hemolytic anemia?

Answer 36

any condition that causes excessive destruction of red blood cells

Question 37

Where are macrophages found?

Answer 37

in the spleen and liver

Question 38

What happens during the process diapedesis?

Answer 38

when white blood cells flatten and squeeze through the narrow spaces between two RBC

Question 39

The process by which leukocytes follow chemicals to an area is called -----

Answer 39

chemotaxis

Question 40

What is the movement leukocytes demonstrate when they move through tissue called?

Answer 40

Amoeboid movement

Question 41

What makes up pus in our bodies?

Answer 41

dead leukocytes and other degraded material

Question 42

Platelets or thrombocytes are a type of formed element, true or false?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

What is a megakaryocytic?

Answer 43

what breaks down to make platelets

Question 44

What is hemostasis

Answer 44

the cessation of bleeding

Question 45

What are the 3 steps of Hemostasis?

Answer 45

Vascular spasm, development of a platelet plug, and blood clot formation

Question 46

What do alpha granules release?

Answer 46

Additional von Willebrand factor and platelet derived growth factors

Question 47

what do dense granules release?

Answer 47

ADP and thromboxanes

Question 48

a blood clot including platelets and fibrin is also called a -----

Answer 48

thrombus

Question 49

What is am embolus or an embolism?

Answer 49

when a thrombus breaks away form the vessel wall and begins to circulate in the blood

Question 50

what is clot retraction?

Answer 50

when the actin and myosin in the clot start to contract and decreases the size of the cut or gash by drawing damaged ends of the blood vessels toward one another.

Question 51

what enzyme completely degrades fibrin and dissolves the clot through the process fibrinolysis?

Answer 51

Plasmin

Question 52

antithrombin and heparin work to deactivate -------

Answer 52

thrombin

Question 53

Prostacyclin works as a vasodilator or a vasoconstrictor?

Answer 53

vasodilator

Question 54

Which vitamin plays and important role in coagulation?

Answer 54

vitamin K

Question 55

What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel?

Answer 55

tunica adventitia

Question 56

What are the middle layers of the blood vessel collectively called?

Answer 56

Tunica Media

Question 57

The inner layers of the blood vessel are collectively called the

Answer 57

tunica intima

Question 58

What layers make up the tunica media?

Answer 58

External elastic membrane and smooth muscle

Question 59

What layers make up the tunica intima?

Answer 59

Internal elastic membrane, lamina propria, basement membrane, and endothelium.

Question 60

What are vasa vasorum?

Answer 60

capillary networks that feed the large blood vessels with oxygen and nutrients

Question 61

What are the smallest type of vein?

Answer 61

venules

Question 62

how does a valve in a vein form?

Answer 62

two overlapping sections of tunica intima tissue close off the respective vein incase of back flow

Question 63

what is arteriovenous anastomoses?

Answer 63

special vessels that shunts blood flow directly from arterioles into small veins skipping the capillaries

Question 64

arteriosclerosis is

Answer 64

the hardening of arteries

Question 65

what is another name for coronary heart disease?

Answer 65

atherosclerosis

Question 66

short term blood pressure regulation includes what 4 responds?

Answer 66

baroreceptor reflex, the chemoreceptor reflex, the adrenal medullary mechanism and the central nervous system ischemic response