Blood Typing Flashcards
Chromosomes of different blood group genes .
AB: chr 9
H : chr 19
Rh (RHD and RHCE): chr 1
RhAG: Chr 6
What is Rhnull syndrome? And Subtypes ie aetiology - genes mutated ?
A rare blood group phenotype characterized by the absence of all Rh antigens.
Either regulator type : mutated RhAG gene or
Amorphic type: absent RHD goes and mutated RHCE genes .
True or False: Individuals with Rhnull syndrome can receive blood transfusions from any Rh-positive donor.
False
Fill in the blank: Patients with Rhnull syndrome may experience __________ due to the absence of Rh antigens.
hemolytic anemia
What is a potential complication of Rhnull syndrome related to pregnancy?
Increased risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn.
K-null
No KAg. Increased Kx. Produce anti-Ku (Ab to all K Ag)
What is McLeod syndrome?
A rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the XK gene.X-linked recessive. May affect females - Lyon theory.
Absent Kx. Reduced other K Ags.
Acanthocytic haemolytic anaemia.
CMO ad muscular dystrophy age 40-50.
Closely associated with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (near same gene locus)
RBC binding site for P vivax
Duffy
Antibodies “play hide and seek”. Difficult to detect. Cause HDFN
Kidd (JKa, JKb, JK3). Rare. Often in combo with other Abs
Only blood Group Ag made by tissue cells and not RBCs
Lewis.
Adsorbed onto rbc. Not integral to membrane
MostRBCs Lea-Leb+.
Does NOT cause HDFN.
See n9tes for more details
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of McLeod syndrome? A) Hemolytic anemia B) Muscle weakness C) Color blindness
C) Color blindness
What is the role of the XK protein?
The XK protein is involved in the maintenance of red blood cell membrane integrity.
Fill in the blank: McLeod syndrome can cause __________, which is the abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
splenomegaly
What is one of the major hematological findings in McLeod syndrome?
Reduced levels of Kell blood group antigens.
Multiple choice: Which of the following tests is commonly used to diagnose McLeod syndrome? A) PCR B) Blood smear C) MRI
B) Blood smear
True or False: McLeod syndrome can be diagnosed in infancy.
False
Antibody in dialysis pts.
Anti-Nf. Regardless of MN Ag type.
DT formaldehyde used to sterilise equipment.
Only need Ag neg blood if reactive at RT (Xmatch twice)
Fill in the blank: Individuals with McLeod syndrome may have a higher risk of developing __________.
lymphoma
What is a common psychological symptom associated with McLeod syndrome?
Cognitive impairment.
What is one potential complication of hemolytic anemia in McLeod syndrome?
Gallstones.
What is one of the neurological symptoms that may occur in McLeod syndrome?
Peripheral neuropathy.
Fill in the blank: McLeod syndrome is often underdiagnosed due to its __________ presentation.
subtle
True or False: There is a cure for McLeod syndrome.
False
