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Blood Typing Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells covered with?

A

Antigens

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2
Q

What are antigens?

A

Surface markers that can stimulate an immune response

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3
Q

Can RBC’s have antigens?

A

Yes, RBC’s may have antigens

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4
Q

What does blood type depend upon?

A

The surface antigens present

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5
Q

What can antibodies do?

A

Match on an antigen based on the binding site.

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6
Q

What are produced in response to trigger of going on the binding site?

A

proteins

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7
Q

Are antibodies for RBCS antigens already present?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Do antibodies for RBC antigens need a trigger?

A

No

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9
Q

What is agglutination?

A

The clumping of blood together

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10
Q

What proteins can be present?

A

Rh Antigens

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11
Q

What happens if you have the Rh antigens?

A

You’re considered Rh positive

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12
Q

What happens if you don’t have the Rh antigens?

A

You’re considered Rh negative

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13
Q

What does the Rh antigen determine?

A

If you have a + or - blood type

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14
Q

What is the Rh incompatibility in?

A

Pregnancy

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15
Q

Who does HD affect?

A

Affects women with rH negative, can cause mismatching between blood

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16
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman is rH negative and the baby is negative?

A

Things are okay, would not have HD.

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17
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman is rH negative and the baby is positive?

A

Thing’s are not okay, likely to have HD.

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18
Q

What happens if HD happens?

A

Mother’s immune system says foreign blood is around, happens upon exposure.

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19
Q

What happens between pregnancies?

A

There is anti rH antibodies floating around.

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20
Q

What happens at the second pregnancy?

A

rH antibodies can pass and go into the babies blood, causing problems; often agglutination with the fetal Rh antigens.

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21
Q

What could the baby end up with if HD happens?

A

Anemia

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22
Q

What antigen(s) are present if you’re blood type A?

A

A Antigen

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23
Q

What antibody(ies) are present if you’re blood type A?

24
Q

What antigen(s) are present if you’re blood type B?

25
What antibody(ies) are presen't if you're blood type B?
Anti-A
26
What antigen(s) are present if you're blood type AB?
A and B Antigens
27
What antibody(ies) are present if you're blood type AB?
none
28
What antigen(s) are present if you're blood type O?
none
29
What antibody(ies) are present if you're blood type O?
Anti-A and Anti-B
30
Are there antigens on the surface of type A? type B? Type AB? Type O?
yes, yes, yes, no
31
How are blood types determined?
By the presence or absence of specific antigens (proteins) on the surface of RBCs
32
What are antibodies considered?
plasma proteins
33
Where are antibodies made?
From the B lymphocytes
34
How do you determine the type of blood?
Add antiserum (either A or B) to each sample of blood. If clumping occurs only in suspension to which anti-A was added, the blood is type A. If only in anti-B, the blood is type B. Both samples mean AB, no clumping is O.
35
What happens if incompatible blood types are mixed?
RBCs agglutinate, are destroyed, and other problems can occur.
36
What must you also consider for blood transfusions?
Rh antigens and antigens A and B
37
When are rh antibodies produced?
Only upon exposure and sensitization to Rh antigens
38
When can sensitization occur?
When Rh+ blood is transfused into an Rh- recipient, or when an Rh- mother carries a fetus tht is Rh+.
39
What happens in the latter case with fetal Rh antigens?
They may enter the mother's circulation, and sensitize her so that she begins to produce Rh antibodies against the fetal antigens.
40
What is the condition called when hemolysis of the fetal RBCs happen?
hemolytic disease of the newborn or erythroblastosis fetalis.
41
How do you treat HD?
Infant's Rh+ blood is removed and replaced with Rh- blood. The Rh- mother can be treated with Rhogam at 28 weeks of pregnancy and 72 hours after childbirth.
42
What does Rhogam do?
prevents the mother from producing Rh antibodies.
43
What is the universal donor?
O
44
What is the universal recipient?
AB
45
Patient 3 has agglutination in anti-a, anti-b, and anti-Rh, what's their blood type?
AB+
46
Patient 1 has agglutination in anti-a and anti-Rh, what's their blood type?
A+
47
What causes agglutination?
An antigen is mixed with the corresponding antibody.
48
If your blood type is A+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Give: A+ and AB+ Receive: A+, A-, O+, O-
49
If your blood type is A-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Give: A+, A-, AB+, AB- Receive: A-, O-
50
If your blood type is O+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Gives: O+, A+, B+, AB+ Receives: O+, O-
51
If your blood type is B+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Gives: B+, AB+ Receives: B+, B-, O+, O-
52
If your blood type is AB+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Gives: AB+ Receives: everyone
53
If your blood type is O-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Gives: Everyone Receives: O-
54
If your blood type is B-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Gives: B+, B-, AB+, AB- Receives: B-, O-
55
If your blood type is AB-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?
Gives: AB+, AB- Receives: AB-, A-, B-, O-

Blood Typing (1 decks)

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