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Blood Typing > Blood Typing > Flashcards

Blood Typing Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells covered with?

A

Antigens

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2
Q

What are antigens?

A

Surface markers that can stimulate an immune response

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3
Q

Can RBC’s have antigens?

A

Yes, RBC’s may have antigens

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4
Q

What does blood type depend upon?

A

The surface antigens present

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5
Q

What can antibodies do?

A

Match on an antigen based on the binding site.

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6
Q

What are produced in response to trigger of going on the binding site?

A

proteins

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7
Q

Are antibodies for RBCS antigens already present?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Do antibodies for RBC antigens need a trigger?

A

No

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9
Q

What is agglutination?

A

The clumping of blood together

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10
Q

What proteins can be present?

A

Rh Antigens

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11
Q

What happens if you have the Rh antigens?

A

You’re considered Rh positive

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12
Q

What happens if you don’t have the Rh antigens?

A

You’re considered Rh negative

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13
Q

What does the Rh antigen determine?

A

If you have a + or - blood type

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14
Q

What is the Rh incompatibility in?

A

Pregnancy

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15
Q

Who does HD affect?

A

Affects women with rH negative, can cause mismatching between blood

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16
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman is rH negative and the baby is negative?

A

Things are okay, would not have HD.

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17
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman is rH negative and the baby is positive?

A

Thing’s are not okay, likely to have HD.

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18
Q

What happens if HD happens?

A

Mother’s immune system says foreign blood is around, happens upon exposure.

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19
Q

What happens between pregnancies?

A

There is anti rH antibodies floating around.

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20
Q

What happens at the second pregnancy?

A

rH antibodies can pass and go into the babies blood, causing problems; often agglutination with the fetal Rh antigens.

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21
Q

What could the baby end up with if HD happens?

A

Anemia

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22
Q

What antigen(s) are present if you’re blood type A?

A

A Antigen

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23
Q

What antibody(ies) are present if you’re blood type A?

A

Anti-B

24
Q

What antigen(s) are present if you’re blood type B?

A

B antigen

25
Q

What antibody(ies) are presen’t if you’re blood type B?

A

Anti-A

26
Q

What antigen(s) are present if you’re blood type AB?

A

A and B Antigens

27
Q

What antibody(ies) are present if you’re blood type AB?

A

none

28
Q

What antigen(s) are present if you’re blood type O?

A

none

29
Q

What antibody(ies) are present if you’re blood type O?

A

Anti-A and Anti-B

30
Q

Are there antigens on the surface of type A? type B? Type AB? Type O?

A

yes, yes, yes, no

31
Q

How are blood types determined?

A

By the presence or absence of specific antigens (proteins) on the surface of RBCs

32
Q

What are antibodies considered?

A

plasma proteins

33
Q

Where are antibodies made?

A

From the B lymphocytes

34
Q

How do you determine the type of blood?

A

Add antiserum (either A or B) to each sample of blood. If clumping occurs only in suspension to which anti-A was added, the blood is type A. If only in anti-B, the blood is type B. Both samples mean AB, no clumping is O.

35
Q

What happens if incompatible blood types are mixed?

A

RBCs agglutinate, are destroyed, and other problems can occur.

36
Q

What must you also consider for blood transfusions?

A

Rh antigens and antigens A and B

37
Q

When are rh antibodies produced?

A

Only upon exposure and sensitization to Rh antigens

38
Q

When can sensitization occur?

A

When Rh+ blood is transfused into an Rh- recipient, or when an Rh- mother carries a fetus tht is Rh+.

39
Q

What happens in the latter case with fetal Rh antigens?

A

They may enter the mother’s circulation, and sensitize her so that she begins to produce Rh antibodies against the fetal antigens.

40
Q

What is the condition called when hemolysis of the fetal RBCs happen?

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn or erythroblastosis fetalis.

41
Q

How do you treat HD?

A

Infant’s Rh+ blood is removed and replaced with Rh- blood. The Rh- mother can be treated with Rhogam at 28 weeks of pregnancy and 72 hours after childbirth.

42
Q

What does Rhogam do?

A

prevents the mother from producing Rh antibodies.

43
Q

What is the universal donor?

A

O

44
Q

What is the universal recipient?

A

AB

45
Q

Patient 3 has agglutination in anti-a, anti-b, and anti-Rh, what’s their blood type?

A

AB+

46
Q

Patient 1 has agglutination in anti-a and anti-Rh, what’s their blood type?

A

A+

47
Q

What causes agglutination?

A

An antigen is mixed with the corresponding antibody.

48
Q

If your blood type is A+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Give: A+ and AB+
Receive: A+, A-, O+, O-

49
Q

If your blood type is A-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Give: A+, A-, AB+, AB-
Receive: A-, O-

50
Q

If your blood type is O+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Gives: O+, A+, B+, AB+
Receives: O+, O-

51
Q

If your blood type is B+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Gives: B+, AB+
Receives: B+, B-, O+, O-

52
Q

If your blood type is AB+, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Gives: AB+
Receives: everyone

53
Q

If your blood type is O-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Gives: Everyone
Receives: O-

54
Q

If your blood type is B-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Gives: B+, B-, AB+, AB-
Receives: B-, O-

55
Q

If your blood type is AB-, who can you give blood to and who can you receive blood from?

A

Gives: AB+, AB-
Receives: AB-, A-, B-, O-

Blood Typing (1 decks)

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